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Understanding the Basics of Physics

Physics deals with matter and energy and their relationships, covering concepts like magnetism, electricity, and electromagnetism. Learn fundamental units of measure, conversions between English and metric systems, key units in radiology, and the law of conservation of energy.

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Understanding the Basics of Physics

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  1. Physics That branch of science that deals with matter and energy and their relationship to each other. Examples: Magnetism Electricity Electromagnetism

  2. Some Relationships You Must Know: Equivalencies – English, Metric, Scientific Notation

  3. Fundamental Units of Measure Consist of measurements relating to length, mass and time. Length: Fundamental unit – Meter (approx. 3 ft) 100 cm in meter = .01 meter, 10-2, 1/100 1 inch = 2.54 cm Conversion from English to metric system (# Total inches X 2.54) – 4 inches X 2.54 = 10.16 c.m. Conversion from metric to English system (# Total c.m. / 2.54) 10.16 c.m./ 2.54 = 4 inches (40 inch SID X 2.54 = 101.6 c.m.) In radiology, the angstrom is often used to measure wavelength of x-rays and light. 1 A = 1 X 10-10 meters

  4. Fundamental Units of Measure • Mass – The quantity of matter in a body • (inertia) • Determined by weighing • unit of mass = kilogram • 1 kg = 2.2 lb • conversion from English to metric ( # total lbs/ 2.2), 120 lbs/ 2.2 = 54.54 kg • conversion from metric to English • (# total kg X 2.2), 54.54 kg X 2.2 = 119.988 lb

  5. Fundamental Units of Measure • Time • unit of measure is seconds • milliseconds are used often in radiology • milli = 1/1000 sec., .001 s, 10 -3 • To convert milliseconds to seconds, • move the decimal point 3 places to the • left. • To convert seconds to milliseconds, • move the decimal point 3 places to the right

  6. Other Commonly Used Units of Measurement in Radiology • Amps – # of electrons flowing per second • Often expressed in milliamps • 300 mA = .3 A • Exposure • REM – Measures biologic effect of radiation • Often given in millirem (mrem) • 50 mrem = .05 rem • RAD – Measures absorbed dose • Roentgen – Ionization in air • Voltage – Energy (push) behind electrons • Usually given in kilovoltage (kVP) • 100 kVp = 100,000 volts

  7. Know what each of the above units measure

  8. Energy The ability to do work Potential Energy – The ability to do work by virtue of position Kinetic Energy – Energy in motion

  9. Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy can neither be created nor destroyed • If may change forms, but will not cease to exist • Examples: • - Production of x-ray results in changing electron’s energy to x-ray and heat • - Interaction between x-ray and body matter • results in transferring original energy of • radiation to electrons or nucleus of atoms

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