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V. Cisar Division of Concepts and Planning

Regional Training Course on State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material for States in the Middle East with Limited Nuclear Material and Activities Amman, Jordan, 17 to 21 January 2010. Session 5.4. Guidance for Establishing and Maintaining SSAC ~ Advisory Service. V. Cisar

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V. Cisar Division of Concepts and Planning

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  1. Regional Training Course on State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material for States in the Middle East with Limited Nuclear Material and Activities Amman, Jordan, 17 to 21 January 2010 Session 5.4 Guidance for Establishing and Maintaining SSAC ~ Advisory Service V. Cisar Division of Concepts and Planning

  2. Outline • Introduction • States Obligations & SSAC Objectives • SSAC Project • Guiding Documents • Technical Support • Training • Advisory Services • Summary

  3. Safeguards Obligations : Why? NPT preamble (extract) • “Considering the devastation that would be visited upon all mankind by a nuclear war and the consequent need to make every effort to avert the danger of such a war and to take measures to safeguard the security of peoples”

  4. NPT Article III Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements Non-nuclear-weapon States to: • accept safeguards, as set forth in an agreement with the IAEA, for the verification of the fulfillment of obligations assumed under the NPT with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. • safeguards to be applied on all source or special fissionable material in all peaceful nuclear activities within the territory of the State, under its jurisdiction, or carried out under its control anywhere.

  5. State Obligations under Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) • To accept safeguards on all nuclear material (para 1 of INFCIRC/153) • Agency and State shall co-operate (‘to facilitate the safeguards implementation’ - para 2 of INFCIRC/153) • To establish and maintain a State System of Accounting for and Control of nuclear material ~ SSAC(para 7 of INFCIRC/153) • To provide information to Agency (para 8 of INFCIRC/153) • To provide access to Agency inspectors (‘to ensure that inspectors can effectively discharge their functions’ – para 9 of INFCIRC/153)

  6. State Obligations under Additional Protocol (AP) • To provide additional information to Agency (Art. 2 of INFCIRC/540) • To provide additional access to Agency inspectors (Arts. 4-9 of INFCIRC/540)

  7. INFCIRC/153 Requirement for SSAC • Safeguards Agreement (INFCIRC/153) calls for (Art. 7) “....... State shall establish and maintain a system of accounting for and control of all nuclear material subject to safeguards under the Agreement ......”, the basic elements of which are set forth in Article 32 of that Agreement.

  8. SSAC Term “SSAC” has traditionally been used to denote: • The State authority, office or persons designated as the formal technical interface for safeguards implementation with the Agency and facility operators;and • The system of nuclear material accountancy procedures laid down by the State authority and implemented by “facility” operators.

  9. State Authority ~ Continuity of Compliance Compliance with NPT through the IAEA safeguards imposes a very accurate knowledge of the entire industrial, research and commercial status of nuclear activities and its evolution within the state, not to mention adequate conditions offered to the IAEA inspectors to perform their duty. This can only be achieved with a well established, informed and powerful State Authority Such an Authority is the first element of a continuous chain for a successful fulfilment of the national and international commitments towards nuclear non-proliferation.

  10. International Objectives of the SSAC Most common examples of an international objective: • nuclear materials accountancy and control to meet IAEA safeguards obligations; • regional or bilateral safeguards commitments to another States.

  11. National Objectives ~ a Domestic Level A possible objective for a State Authority: Making sure that no one within the State or under its control is circumventing the national safeguards requirements “intentionally” or “non-intentionally”

  12. Project N.2.15 - SSAC In synergy with the Nuclear Security Action Plan, covers the following areas: • Developing SSAC Guidelines and Recommendations • SSAC Advisory Services (ISSAS Missions) • SSAC Technical Support and Upgrades • SSAC Training

  13. SSAC Guiding Documents • Handbook on Nuclear Law • SSAC Guidance • Nuclear Material Accounting Handbook • Guidelines Preparation and Submission of Additional Protocol Declarations • ISSAS Guidelines • guidelines on NDA and DA procedures and techniques when making measurements as part of SSAC requirements • technical documents covering a comprehensive SSAC self-assessment

  14. SSAC Technical Support • On the basis of SSAC self-assessment and evaluation missions to provide necessary equipment at the State or facility level • Capital equipment to include computer hardware and software, NDA equipment, and communication equipment

  15. SSAC Training • Provide a comprehensive SSAC training programme at the international, regional, and national levels • Training courses and workshops to be offered to States on a regular basis for SSAC personnel at the State and facility levels

  16. Advisory Services • Advisory service on the establishment of the legal framework (safeguards related legislation as a part of a general nuclear law) • Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review Missions ~ INIR (for States embarking nuclear power programme) • IAEA SSAC Advisory Service Missions ~ ISSAS (for all States with CSA in force)

  17. ISSAS Missions • There are variations in SSAC practices between different countries due to the number and types of nuclear facilities and quantities of nuclear materials. • State is ultimately responsible for the SSAC • However, an international expert team can • review the implementation of the NPT obligations • compare it with the existing international good practices elsewhere • pass judgement on a national SSAC system • Peer review activity

  18. Key ISSAS Mission Objectives • Evaluate the legal, regulatory, administrative and technical systems of the SSAC in light of • the types and amounts of NM present • the size and nature of the nuclear fuel cycle • the activities related to the Additional Protocol • Evaluate the SSAC’s performance in meeting the State’s safeguards obligations • Identify good practices and possible areas for further increased co-operation • Recommend how any shortcomings could be rectified or further co-operation implemented

  19. Protocol and Preparation for Missions • Invitation/request from the MS Government • Preparatory meeting in the MS • Advance material provided (translated) • ISSAS team assembled(with the agreement of the host government) • IAEA officers(expertise in a particular area plus variety of experience) • External experts(selected to ensure that a variety of national approaches to regulation and implementation are represented) • ISSAS Report (observations, recommendations, action plan)

  20. The ISSAS Peer Review • Compares observed practices with existing international good practices • Assesses national practices in comparison to IAEA/SG/INF/2, INFCIRC/153, and INFCIRC 540 • Considers how effectively laws, procedures and regulations are implemented in practice

  21. Peer Review Areas • Authority and Responsibility includingIndependence • Laws, Regulations and other Measures • SSAC Information System • Establishment of requirements of NMAC • Additional Protocol Implementation including Export/Import Control • Ensuring Compliance(Inspection/Verification Activities) • Resources, Technical Support and Training

  22. Information Collection • Review of the written material(should be provided to the team prior to the review) • National legislation • Competent authority organization and procedures • Regulations and guides • Facility procedures, as appropriate • Interviews of personnel • Direct observation of practices and systems in place at (facilities & State offices)

  23. Comparisons May Result in • Recommendation: Advice on how improvements can be made in a specific area • Suggestion: An additional proposal in conjunction with a recommendation may indirectly contribute to improvements • Good Practice: Recognition of an outstanding organization, arrangement, procedure or performance that exceeds the current requirements or expectations

  24. Summary • Effective SSACs are key components of the non-proliferation regime • The IAEA SSAC Project is to assist Member States in strengthening the effectiveness of their national SSACs • Such SSACs can significantly contribute to the effective and efficient implementation of safeguards as required by the NPT

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