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学 中 文

学 中 文. An Introduction of Chinese Language Clary Xue http://claryxue.wordpress.com Clary_lnx@hotmail.com. Chinese Demystified. Chinese —“han yu” ,“zhong wen”,including mandarin, Cantonese, and other dialects “Putonghua”—standard Chinese, mandarin

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学 中 文

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  1. 学 中 文 An Introduction of Chinese Language Clary Xue http://claryxue.wordpress.com Clary_lnx@hotmail.com

  2. Chinese Demystified • Chinese —“han yu” ,“zhong wen”,including mandarin, Cantonese, and other dialects • “Putonghua”—standard Chinese, mandarin • Cantonese—a dialect spoken in Guangdong, HK, and overseas Chinese communities

  3. One of the most enduring cultural achievements Originated from pictures Direct conception of the world Chinese Character

  4. Simplified Chinese—used in mainland China, Singapore Traditional Chinese—used in Taiwan, HK, and some overseas communities Evolution of Characters

  5. Survival of the language and culture • Different dialects spoken • One written system One written system, one measure and scale system were enforced by Emperor Qing, more than 2000 years ago

  6. Sounds of Chinese Language • Tone language • Vowel-dominated • Predominance of two syllables • 汤 tang1 –soup • 糖 tang2 –candy • 躺 tang3 –laying • 烫 tang4 –hot • 虎—老虎 lao2hu3 • 星—星星 xing1xing

  7. Pinyin • A system devised to transcribe Chinese sounds • Officially adopted in late 1950s • Composed of initials (consonants) , finals (vowels, vowels + nasal sound), and tones.

  8. Pinyin • Initials b p m f d t n l g k h j q xz c s zh ch sh r y w • Finals a oe i u ü ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo üe iao iou(iu) uai uei(ui) an ian uan üan en in uen(un) ün ang iang uang ong eng ing ueng iong er

  9. First tone—level Second tone—rising Third tone—falling and rising Fourth tone—falling Tones

  10. Easy part of Chinese learning • No gender • No plural • No conjugation • No strict structure limitation • Meaning centered

  11. Difficult Part of Chinese Study • Tones • Same pronunciation, different characters • Order of words • Not easy to see grammatical relations upon the sentence

  12. Comparison of Language Structure • Western languages are ruled by law. • Chinese language is ruled by man.

  13. Q&A • How many syllables in Chinese language?—about 400. • How many characters are enough for everyday life (intermediate-advanced)?—2500. • Two-syllable words gradually take place of single-syllable words • Flexible making-up of words

  14. Thank you…

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