Breathing Emergencies

1. Breathing Emergencies Introduction

2. Obtaining Consent • How do you obtain consent? • State your name. • Ask the victim if you can help. • Explain what you think may be wrong and what you plan to do. • If the victim does not give consent, do not give care, instead call 911 • If the victim is unconscious you have implied consent.

3. Avoid contact with blood avoid contact with other body fluids wash hands after giving first aid Use protective equipment such as: disposable gloves breathing barriers footwear Basic precautions to prevent disease transmission

4. If blood spills occur: • Clean up immediately • wear protective equipment • wipe with absorbent clothes • after the spill has been wiped up rinse the area with 1/4 cup chlorine to 1 gallon water and allow it to stand for 20 minutes • dispose of contaminated material in a biohazard container

5. General procedures for injury or sudden illness on land • Activate facilities EAP. • Survey the scene and approach the victim. • Do a primary survey. • Call 911. • Do a secondary survey.

6. Survey the scene • Determine whether the scene is safe, what happened, how many victims are involve, and if any bystanders can help.

7. Check for conditions that are an immediate threat to a victim’s life. Identify signs of life threatening conditions and care for them Wear gloves get consent check the victim for consciousness check the ABC’s check for severe bleeding Primary survey

8. Primary survey • Call 911 for the following: • unconsciousness or disorientation • breathing problems • chest pain lasting more than 3 min • no signs of circulation • severe bleeding • suspected head, neck, or back injury • severe headache, slurred speech, seizures • vomiting or urinating blood, and suspected poisoning

9. Secondary survey • Identify and care for additional conditions only if you are sure that the victim does not have any life threatening conditions

10. Do you feel any pain? Do you have any medical conditions? Do you have any allergies? When did you last eat or drink? Do a head to toe exam look at the color of lips and skin watch for changes in consciousness and breathing rest the victim note the information you find if life threatening conditions arise provide care Secondary survey questions

11. Breathing emergencies • A victim who has stopped breathing is in respiratory arrest • A victim who is having difficulty breathing is in respiratory distress. • Symptoms: slow or rapid breathing, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheaded, tingling in hands or feet, chest pain, skin flushed,pale,ashen, or bluish, wheezing, or making a high pitched sound. • Respiratory distress can lead to arrest if not cared for.

12. Rescue breathing adult • Survey the scene. • Tap victim for response. • No response call 911. • Tilt head and look, listen, feel for 5 sec. • No breathing= give 2 breaths • Check pulse for 10 sec. • Open airway position mask. • Give 1 breath every 5 sec. • After 1 minute recheck ABC’s

13. Rescue breathing child • Survey the scene. • Tap victim for response. • No response call 911. • Tilt head and look, listen, feel for 5 sec. • No breathing= give 2 breaths • Check pulse for 10 sec. • Open airway position mask • Give 1 breath every 3 sec • After 1 minute recheck ABC’s

14. Rescue breathing for infant • Survey the scene. • Tap victim for response. (foot) • No response call 911. • Tilt head and look, listen, feel for 5 sec. • No breathing= give 2 breaths • Check pulse for 10 sec. • Open airway position mask (upside down) • Give 1 breath every 3 sec • After 1 minute recheck ABC’s

15. Obstructed airway conscious • Choking is the most common cause of respiratory emergencies • a victim who is clutching his or her throat is usually choking • victims with a partial airway obstruction make a wheezing sound and can still move air to and from the lungs • always encourage a victim to continue coughing

16. Obstructed airway conscious • Survey the scene • ask the victim if they are choking and get consent • if the victim cannot cough, speak, or breath, call 911 • stand behind victim and place one foot between their leg • give abdominal thrusts until object is expelled

17. Unconscious choking adult and child • Survey the scene. • Tap victim for response. • No response call 911. • Tilt head and look, listen, feel for 5 sec. • No breathing= give 2 breaths • If breaths do not go in retilt head and give 2 more breaths. • If breaths still do not go in remove mask and begin 5 abdominal thrusts. • Do a finger sweep • Give 2 breaths

18. Cardiac Emergencies

19. Cardiac arrest • Occurs when the heart stops beating or beats irregularly to circulate blood effectively • Brain damage can occur within 4-6 minutes • Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) helps supply O2 the brain and other vital organs • Early automated external defibrillation is an electrical shock delivered to the heart to restore the normal heart beat

20. CPR Adult • Survey the scene • Tap victim for consciousness • No response call 911 • Open airway, Look, Listen, and Feel for 5 sec. • No breathing give 2 breaths • Check pulse 10 sec. NO pulse start compressions • Give 15 compressions and 2 breaths • 15 compressions should take 10 sec. and compressions should be 2 inches in depth • Give 3 cycles and then recheck vital signs

21. CPR Child • Survey the scene • Tap victim for consciousness • No response call 911 • Open airway, Look, Listen, and Feel for 5 sec. • No breathing give 2 breaths • Check pulse 10 sec. NO pulse start compressions • Give 5 compressions and 1 breath • 5 compression should take 3 sec. and should be about 11/2 inches in depth • Give 11 cycles and recheck vital signs

22. CPR Infant • Survey the scene • Tap victim for consciousness • No response call 911 • Open airway, Look, Listen, and Feel for 5 sec. • No breathing give 2 breaths • Check pulse 10 sec. (brachial pulse) NO pulse start compressions • Give 5 compressions and 1 breath • 5 compression should take 3 sec. and should be about 11/2 inches in depth • Give 19 cycles and recheck vital signs

23. Two rescuer CPR adult • When two rescuers begin CPR, the first rescuer does a primary survey and the second rescuer gets into position to give chest compressions • When a second rescuer arrives on the scene they make sure 911 has been called and begin to help. The first rescuer finishes the cycle while the second gets into position to give compressions, the first rescuer rechecks vital signs and then if there is no pulse the second rescuer begins compressions.

24. Bag Valve Mask resuscitator • Helps move O2 into a non breathing victim • Can be used with a victim in distress • Protects you against disease • Should be used with 2 rescuers to provide a tight seal

25. First Aid

26. If the victim does not have life threatening conditions Interview victim: get consent, tell them your first aid certified Questions: do you feel pain anywhere? Do you have any medical conditions or take medications? Do you have allergies? When did you last eat or drink anything? Do a visual head to toe exam Look at color of lips, face, and skin Changes in consciousness and breathing Eyes and pupils After secondary survey is complete have victim rest comfortably Give information to 911 when they arrive0 Secondary survey

27. Shock • Condition when not enough blood is being delivered to all parts of body • Signs: restless and irritability • Changes in consciousness • Pale of ashen skin, cool and moist skin • Rapid breathing • Rapid pulse

28. Diabetic emergency Seizure Allergic reaction Poisoning Deep cuts pg 81 & 82 Burns pg 87 Sprains Strains Deep bruise Fracture Head, neck, or back injuries Heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke Hypothermia pg 90 Other types of injuries and illnesses