Ch. 16: War on the Frontier

1. Ch. 16: War on the Frontier 1860-1875

2. Warm-up • List uses the Native Americans may have had for the buffalo.

4. Fort Davis, Texas • Settlers were protected by Federal companies until 1861, when the state seceded, and forced out their frontier protection. Frontier Settlements became easy targets while the Confederate army was off fighting the Civil War.

5. The Texas Frontier • As Anglo-Americans moved west onto the Texas frontier, the Native Texan way of life was being destroyed • Comanches and Kiowas attacked the Anglo settlements to preserve their land, and food source, the buffalo..

6. Comancheria Military forts that impacted Indian buffalo huntinggrounds.

7. Culture Clashes Frontier regiment First Battle of AdobeWalls Indian Agencies 2nd Frontier regiment 1861 9 companies, 1,000 rangers on patrol schedules. Broken peace treaties. 1863 varied patrol schedules. 1864 Commander Kit Carson led his 300 troops against Comanche and Kiowa raiders. Carson withdrew to New Mexico burning Native homes, and supplies, crippling them for the on-coming winter.

8. Quannah Parker • Son of a captured Anglo, and a Comanche chief, Quannah Parker became one of the most powerful and respected Indian leader. • Fought hard against the Anglo-American invaders who were threatening to take their land. • Forced to a reservation in Oklahoma with his people.

9. Warm-up Image Buffalo Soldiers Pg. 351 Definition Personal Experience African American Soldiers on the frontier Indians named these African American soldiers for their bravery.

10. Failure of the treaty Government agents sent to arrange treaty Many refused to move onto the reservations. Reserve established for tribes, providing food, and supplies. Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge U.S. Govt. did not provide enough supplies Some, but not all chiefs signed the treaty Indian raids attacked settlements.

11. Kiowa Buffalo Hunt by Otho Stubbs.

12. Adobe walls, where two frontier battles took place between Native Texans, and the Frontier regiments.

13. War against the Native Americans Read Ch. 16 section 2

14. Warm-up

15. Gen. William T. Sherman, ca. 1864

16. Raid at Salt Creek • Kiowa Chief Santanta led his tribe on a raid on a military wagon train. • General Sherman arrests Santanta for the murder of 7 teamsters during the raid. • Originally sentenced to death, Santanta is given life in prison instead, and later let out on parole by Governor E.J. Davis. • Later accused of committing more raids, Santanta is recaptured and again sentenced to life in prison. • Rather than spend his life in prison, Santanta took his own life.

17. The Texas Rangers

18. 1820 Organized by Stephen F. Austin 1865 Disbanded after the Civil War Sent to fight in the Civil War. 1861-1864 1874 Reestablished by Governor Coke. 1870-1890 Rangers assigned to South Texas to stop cattle theft. 1870’s Major Jones and Battalion Fought to protect the frontier

19. The Colt Paterson revolver, used by the Texas Rangers to defend the frontier from Indian Raids.

20. The Republic of Texas bought his weapons in great numbers, and the Rangers added fame to his revolvers as they battled Indians, Mexican troops and bandits. In gratitude to the Rangers, the inventor initially called the Navy Model, “the new Ranger-size pistol,” or more simply, the Ranger.

21. The end of the buffalo Image Buffalo hunters Personal Experience Definition Poachers in Africa are killing off the elephant for their tusks, sending them into extinction. A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides.

22. The Red River War http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriver