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EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA PRESENTATION BY: ABATAN, A.A. NIGERIA METEOROLOGI

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EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA PRESENTATION BY: ABATAN, A.A. NIGERIA METEOROLOGI

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    1. EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA PRESENTATION BY: ABATAN, A.A. NIGERIA METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY

    10. 1. Introduction Air pollution impact on social and economic development in Nigeria is a topic of interest to scientists/researchers (Abiodun, 1999; Ebisike et al, 2004; and Obioh et al, 2005) Historical events of air pollution a. Meuse valley of Belgium; 1930 b. London fog of 1952 (Holland et al, 1979) c. Death toll in Bhopal, India in December 1983 resulting from release of methyl isocyanate. d. Lagos smog of October 2005 e. Santiagos smog of 2006 The onset of industrialisation (combustion of fossil fuel, ever increasing population, traffic congestion e.g. motor vehicles) Polluted environment is deadly Who is to blame: Government?

    11. AIM OF THIS PAPER To enlighten the general populace of the effect of air pollution To stress the need for decision makers to integrate environmental objectives along with social and economic considerations in their decision.

    12. AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH Presence of one or more contaminable substances in the atmosphere resulting from gaseous, liquid or solid wastes or by products that is detrimental to human health. Discharge of harmful substances into the air to the extent that it can reduce visibility or produce undesirable odour.

    13. Causes of Air Pollution Natural Source Volcanoes Desert Dust Sea Spray Anthropogenic Source Industrial Plant Motor Vehicle Power Plant Agricultural sprays Gas from waste/refuse Combustion Quarrying and Mining

    14. POLLUTION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Air pollution is considered to be one of the serious threats to the sustainability of the planets environment, the well being of its people and the economic power. The worlds economy is increasing sensitivity to weather, hence it is not possible to divorce the environment and the socio-economic issues.

    15. POLLUTION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Tourism and recreation resources Tourism plays an important role in the socio-economic development of many countries. Changes to environmental features Air pollution put tourism at risk at coastal and mountain regions Coastal tourism suffer damage from effect of pollution which are evident from turbidity, visibility reduction and undesirable odour.

    16. AGRICULTURE Air pollution can put a stress on Nigeria agriculture sector Agricultural practice in Nigeria is rain-fed. Adventure of technology resulting in modernisation, industrialisation and urbanisation has contributed in a great way to the level of pollutants (CO, O3, NOX, SO2, and PM2.5) suspended in our environment. The pollutants interacts with other components of the air (e.g. vapour) and chemical transformations occur to form chemical acids (e.g. carbonic sulphuric, nitric acids, etc). The consequence of acid rain is evidence on the poor agricultural output The poor agricultural output can lead to excessive increases in food price. This in turn can put pressure on economy policy leading to higher interest rates.

    17. COMMUNICATION Particulate matters (PM) suspended in the atmosphere directly affect communications at all levels. PM attenuates and scatters radio signals from space. It can prevent communication signals completely from being transmitted to ground stations. The net effect is that it may cause interruptions in Radio, Cable and Television signals.

    18. INSURANCE Insurance sector could be at the receiving end of the impact of air pollution on other weather-sensitive sectors of the nation. Insurance sector has to cough up more than normal claims on agricultural loss due to adverse weather event. This in turn may have an undesirable effect on premiums.

    19. WATER RESOURCES Water is an essential social, economic and environmental good that is largely dependent on the weather Water is essential for agriculture, power production, recreation, transport, drinking, sanitation and marine ecosystems Toxic substances are released into the atmosphere in several ways e.g. industries, agricultural sprays, etc.

    20. WATER RESOURCES cont. . They undergo chemical transformations and are washed into oceans and lakes by precipitations The dissolved substances decrease the concentration of nutrients available to fish and other aquatic lives Therefore, the marine ecosystems are endangered.

    21. 3. THE ROLE OF METEOROLOGY Transport of Pollutants and conc. depends on available Meteorological conditions such as: air temperature wind (speed and direction) atmospheric stability and the movement of Pressure systems

    22. Case Study of air Pollution Burning of 3700kg hard drugs (28th January 1999) Surface observations were mainly south westerly (18knots) Undesirable odours perceived in the evening.

    23. Pollution resulting from subsidence inversion High Pressure system creates inversion (lid) Subsidence causes the pollutants to descend Transported inland by the surface wind

    24. 4. CONCLUSION Air pollution (weather) directly influence every human activities and weather-sensitive economic sectors such as land, marine ecosystems, banking and insurance, health, food security, agriculture, water resources management, communication, tourism and recreation activities. In order to prevent or mitigate the adverse consequences of weather extremes on socio-economic activities in Nigeria, much more is expected from National Meteorological Services (NMS) in terms of sustainable development.

    25. 4. CONCLUSION cont. Sustainable development recognises that social, economic and environmental issues are interconnected, and that decisions must incorporate each of these aspects if there are to be good decisions in the longer term. For sustainable development, accurate weather forecasts and warnings with effective information on air pollution which are essential for planning and for ensuring safe and environmentally sound socio-economic activities should be made known.

    26. 4. CONCLUSION cont. There is therefore the need for a cooperative program among all stake holders (government, public and private) in order to advance our understanding of the weather for a sustainable socio-economic development.

    27. THANKS FOR YOUR AUDIENCE

    28. GOOD-BYE

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