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Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries

Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries. Kathleen Hannan Biol402. http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/one-million-children-die-diarrhea-unsafe-drinking-water-no-handwashing-to-blame.php. Outline. What are diarrheal diseases? Causes & transmission Worldwide impact Rotavirus

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Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries

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  1. Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries Kathleen Hannan Biol402 http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/one-million-children-die-diarrhea-unsafe-drinking-water-no-handwashing-to-blame.php

  2. Outline • What are diarrheal diseases? • Causes & transmission • Worldwide impact • Rotavirus • Biology and how it makes you sick • Solutions • ORT • Vaccines

  3. What are diarrheal diseases? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bookres.fcgi/dcp2/ch19.pdf

  4. Syndromic Diagnosis Acute watery diarrhea Persistent diarrhea Bloody diarrhea http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=dcp2&part=A2526

  5. Causes Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Helminths (intestinal parasite) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1003.htm

  6. Transmission Fecal-oral transmission Among bacteria  survival in stomach http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_02/shigella.shtml

  7. Examples http://www.skyhighway.com/~multispecies/about.html Rotavirus Salmonella Shigellae Campylobacter jejuni VibrioCholerae Escherichia coli Giardia Entamoeba http://dcc2.bumc.bu.edu/IH887/presentatons99/Diarrh/prevention_and_control_of_diarrh.htm

  8. Impact on Developing Countries Kills ~1.7 million children annually Malnutrition 4,500 deaths every single day http://www.isaartrust.com/

  9. Worldwide distribution of deaths caused by diarrhea in children under 5 in 2000 http://www.jci.org/articles/view/34005/files/JCI0834005.f1/medium

  10. A closer look at rotavirus…

  11. http://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=9&sid=77f6bf31-d409-4038-ba94-0753e4b88e39%40sessionmgr10http://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=9&sid=77f6bf31-d409-4038-ba94-0753e4b88e39%40sessionmgr10

  12. Rotavirus Particle http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6VNM-46R67HV-7&_image=fig1&_ba=1&_user=130907&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6182&_issn=01884409&_pii=S0188440902003740&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=acfbb149e9396472a6e49c7fa17fbbbb

  13. How does it make you sick?

  14. How does it make you sick? We don’t really know, but there are some general ideas!

  15. How does it make you sick? Enterocyte Killing Maldigestion of carbohydrates Enterotoxin NSP4

  16. What needs to be done to address this problem?

  17. Gates Foundation Approach Vaccination Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) Nutrition, sanitation, water, and hygiene Research biomarkers / host mechanisms

  18. Looking specifically at ORT…

  19. Using Oral Rehydration Treatment…. http://rehydrate.org/ors/ort-how-it-works.htm

  20. SGLT (Na+/glucose cotransport) http://bcsb.lbl.gov/wiki/index.php/Scientific_Highlights

  21. http://rehydrate.org/ors/ort.htm

  22. Final thoughts… Diarrheal Disease is a serious problem facing the developing world! Disparities in care account for the deaths of thousands each year Something we get frequently and don’t die of is causing too many deaths

  23. Works Cited Arias, Carlos F. et al "Molecular Biology of Rotavirus Cell Entry." Archives of Medical Research33.4 (2002): 356-361. ScienceDirect. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. <http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleUR L&_udi=B6VNM-46R67HV-7&_user=130907&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F 2002&_rdoc=1&_ fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view= c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5 =c31bb0db8820eff5a39f944bbc94be6f>. Lorrot, Mathie, and Monique Vasseur "How Do the Rotavirus NSP4 and Bacterial EnterotoxinsLead Differently to Diarrhea?" Virology Journal 4.31 (2007): 1. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. <http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/31>. Keusch, Gerald T. et al"Diarrheal Diseases." Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Ed. Dean T. Jamison. Washington, D.C.: IBRD/The World Bank and Oxford UP, 2006. 371-388. Online: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bookres.fcgi/dcp2/ch19.pdf>. Parashar, Umesh D. et al "Rotavirus." Emerging Infectious Diseases 4.4 (1998): 561- 571. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/ pmc/articles/PMC2640254/pdf/9866732.pdf>.

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