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The Fall of Rome in the 5th century marked a profound transformation from ancient civilization to the Middle Ages. Political instability, economic decline, and invasions by barbarian tribes contributed to the collapse of Roman authority. This period, characterized by fragmentation and regionalism, saw the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the establishment of new kingdoms across Europe. Understanding this transition is crucial to grasp the complexities of medieval society and the eventual resurgence of culture and learning in the later centuries.
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