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Zoonotic Parasites

Zoonotic Parasites. Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu. What are zoonotic diseases. According to the CDC* a zoonotic disease is any disease which may be passed from animals to people or from people to animals. CDC: U.S. Communicable Disease Center. Zoonotic Diseases.

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Zoonotic Parasites

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  1. Zoonotic Parasites Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu

  2. What are zoonotic diseases • According to the CDC* a zoonotic disease is any disease which may be passed from animals to people or from people to animals. CDC: U.S. Communicable Disease Center

  3. Zoonotic Diseases • Approximately 60% of all human pathogens are zoonotic • 75% of emerging infectious diseases have an animal origin • Growing need for veterinarians and physicians to work together

  4. Causes of Zoonotic Disease Bacteria Fungi Virus Parasites

  5. Parasites and Animals • Many methods of parasite transmission to people involve animals

  6. Can you name some animal parasites?

  7. Vector-borne Parasites • A vector is an agent which transfers a parasite from one host to another • Typical parasite vectors: fleas, ticks, mites, mosquitoes, flies, and other insects • People become infected when a vector picks up the parasite from an infected animal and infects a human

  8. Parasites carried by Vectors • Many parasites that are carried by vectors are often found in the blood of humans and animals

  9. Trypanosoma Cruzi • Causes Chagas disease. • Damage to heart, digestive tract, and brain (in children). • Spread by the “Kissing Bug,” native to South America and the southern US • The bug bites the human then defecates next to the wound. Rubbing bite wound spreads parasite into the wound. • Parasite can cycle from animals like armadillos, raccoons, opossums, and foxes to bugs to humans.

  10. Chagas Disease & The “Kissing Bug” Don’t Kiss ME!!! Trypanosoma cruzi in the blood Kissing Bug found in Texas

  11. Babesia • Intracellular protozoa found in red blood cells • Spread by infected Ticks If you play around trees, check your head and body for me!!

  12. DID YOU KNOW? Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine was started to stop the spread of the Cattle Fever Tick. • The causative agent was a species of Babesia that the ticks were spreading to Texas cattle. Thanks TEXAS A&M!!

  13. Leishmania • Unlike Babesia and Chagas Disease, Leishmania live in tissue and not the blood • Spread through the bite of an infected Sandfly* *common on Caribbean beaches

  14. Leishmania Human foot

  15. Waterborne Parasites • Spread when humans come into contact with water that has been contaminated by an infected animal • Common waterborne parasites include • Giardia • Cryptosporidium

  16. Giardia & Cryptosporidium

  17. Giardia & Cryptosporidium • Get from swallowing water contaminated by another infected human or animal • Giardia is the 2nd most common parasitic disease in people • Cryptosporidium is the most common cause of diarrhea from swimming • Both can cause severe diarrhea Gross!!! Don’t drink the water your swimming in!!!

  18. How Do People Get Parasites

  19. Methods of Parasite Transmission I need to WASH MY HANDS!!! • Insect bites • Animal feces • Handling raw meat and fish • Handling cat litter boxes • Contaminated fruits and vegetables • Infected food handlers • Contaminated water • Contact with an infected person

  20. Broad Categories of Transmission • Vectorborne (insects) • Waterborne • Fecal Oral Transmission • Contaminated Meat

  21. Fecal-Oral Transmission • Most common way people become infected with zoonotic parasites • Parasites are spread to humans when they ingest the eggs from the feces of an infected animal • Parasites spread by fecal oral transmission generally live in the intestinal tract I don’t feel so good

  22. Spread by Fecal Oral Transmission • Hookworms • Roundworms • Hydatid Disease • Toxoplasmosis

  23. Hookworms & Roundworms They are like monsters!!!!

  24. Hookworms & Roundworms • Carried by dogs and cats • Kids often get infected from playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated • Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground

  25. Hookworms • Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body • Bare feet are a common route of entry Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to prevent parasites from entering your feet!!!

  26. Hydatid Disease • After Humans consume the eggs passed by dogs the worms can form huge cysts in the body

  27. Toxoplasmosis • How many have of you have heard that pregnant women shouldn’t clean cat litter boxes? • That is because of the potential for them to contract Toxoplasmosis which can cause them to lose their unborn child.

  28. Toxoplasmosis • Even though it is commonly associated with pregnancy and litter boxes, toxoplasmosis is more commonly transmitted through undercooked meat • According to the CDC toxoplasmosis is the 3rd leading cause of foodborne related deaths in the US Order your food to be cooked all the way!!

  29. Contaminated Meat • Meat can be contaminated with harmful bacteria and can also contain parasitic cysts which may infect people. • Common Parasites Found in Meat • Toxoplasmosis • Trichinella • Taenia • Gnathostomosis

  30. Trichinosis & Taenia • Both caused by eating cysts in undercooked pork or beef • Incidence rate has decreased with better animal management and slaughter protocol • Fully cook your meat!

  31. Cysticercosis • If a person consumes Taenia eggs they can develop cysts in their brain!

  32. Gnathostomosis • Similar to Taenia and Trichonosis, but gnathostomosis is found in raw fish • What area do you think this disease is most common? Asia

  33. Summary • Zoonotic parasites have many routes of transmission to people • Vectors • Water • Fecal Contamination • Infected Meat

  34. So How Can You Protect Yourself?

  35. Preventing Zoonotic Parasites • Brainstorm some ways we can prevent them… • Always wash your hands • Keep sand boxes covered • Wear shoes • Pick up animal feces when possible • Don’t drink untreated water • Cook meat thoroughly

  36. References • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htm • http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/index.html • www.nih.gov • www.nsf.gov • www.floridahealthfinder.gov

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