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Globalization, intellectual property rights and access to medicines

Globalization, intellectual property rights and access to medicines . Access. Why is “access to medicine” an issue ? Access to medicine: the data The access framework (WHO). Price. Why is price a problem? The demand curve price differences between alternative drugs

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Globalization, intellectual property rights and access to medicines

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  1. Globalization, intellectual property rights and access to medicines

  2. Access • Why is “access to medicine” an issue? • Access to medicine: the data • The access framework (WHO)

  3. Price • Why is price a problem? • The demand curve • price differences between alternative drugs • International price differences • In low income countries, drugs are largest household and second largest public expenditure for health: the data

  4. Costs • Drug spending in health budgets • Economic burden of drugs • Increasing global drug costs • Drugs share in total health spendingvariations • Drug share in total health spendinginverse relationship with income

  5. Financing • Mechanisms for financing drugsmust be linked to health financing • Mechanisms for financing drugsmust be linked to health financing • General policy prescriptions for meeting future challenges for drug financing • Differential pricing • What works in bringing down price

  6. International agreements affecting price of drugs • WTO agreements relevant for pharmaceutical sector • What are IPRs? • Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights • Patents and why are patents seen as problems from ‘public health’ advocates • Access to medicines: which articles of the TRIPS agreement are relevant? • TRIPS aims • Issues on paying for R&D

  7. Doha Declaration • Domestic legislation & policies • Opposition/lobbying by the pharmaceutical industry • Pressure by developed countries to enact TRIPS-plus legislation

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