Learning Objectives

1. Update your assessment tracker with your grade and your target for improvement!! Learning Objectives • To understand the demands of the 12 mark question mark scheme • To know key points for improvement for your own essay Do now: Highlight the key words in the bracket of the mark scheme which relates to your minimum target grade Highlight the key words in the next band up, how are they different? Are you targeted an A grade? How would an A* answer differ from an A grade?

2. Starter • Review of half-term homework questions: Nature-Nurture

3. Half-term homework questions COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING HOMEWORK QUESTIONS FOR TUESDAY 28TH FEBRUARY JUNE 2010 • Jamie is a healthy 18-year-old of average intelligence. When he was six days old, he was diagnosed with a rare genetic disorder. His parents were informed that, as a result of the disorder, Jamie would have severe learning difficulties unless he was kept on a special diet. His parents followed this advice and Jamie has not suffered any damage to his intelligence or to his learning abilities. In the context of the nature-nurture debate in psychology, outline what is meant by an interactionist approach. Refer to Jamie’s case in your answer. (4 marks) JUNE 2006 • 4 (a) In the context of the free will and determinism debate in psychology, • (i) outline what is meant by determinism; • (ii) suggest why psychological explanations of behaviour are usually deterministic. (4 marks = 2+2) JUNE 2004 • 4 (a) Using an example from psychology, explain what is meant by the nature-nurture debate. (4 marks) JUNE 2003 (b) Choose one topic in psychology in which the contributions of nature and nurture have been investigated. Briefly discuss support for the nature side of the debate. (4 marks)

4. Jamie is a healthy 18-year-old of average intelligence. When he was six days old, he was diagnosed with a rare genetic disorder. His parents were informed that, as a result of the disorder, Jamie would have severe learning difficulties unless he was kept on a special diet. His parents followed this advice and Jamie has not suffered any damage to his intelligence or to his learning abilities. In the context of the nature-nurture debate in psychology, outline what is meant by an interactionist approach. Refer to Jamie’s case in your answer. (4 marks) • [AO1 = 2 marks, AO2 = 2 marks] • AO1 One mark for a clear and coherent outline of the meaning of ‘interactionist • approach’. Behaviour due to combined influences of nature and nurture. • One mark for elaboration eg what is meant by nature/what is meant by nurture or • reference to phenotype/genotype distinction. • AO2 Up to two marks for application to Jamie. Two marks for detailed application. • One mark for incomplete or vague answers. Answers along the lines of: • • Jamie has inherited a genetic disorder (nature). However whether or not the • effects of this condition are expressed depend on the environment (nurture). It • is not possible to separate nature and nurture. • or • • Had Jamie’s parents not followed the doctors’ advice then it would not be • possible to say that genetic factors caused low intelligence. Neither could it be • claimed that the environment caused the low intelligence. It is not possible to • separate nature and nurture.

5. JUNE 20064 (a) In the context of the free will and determinism debate in psychology, (i) outline what is meant by determinism; • [AO1=2] • (i) • AO1 One mark for a brief outline, eg belief or assumption that behaviour is caused/governed/ dictated/influenced by external or internal factors acting upon the individual. • Second mark for an expansion, such as detail about internal/external factors or implications for responsibility or distinction between .soft. and .hard. determinism.

6. JUNE 20064 (a) In the context of the free will and determinism debate in psychology,(ii) suggest why psychological explanations of behaviour are usually deterministic. (4 marks = 2+2) • [AO1=2] • (ii) • AO2 One mark for each relevant point made. These could be that the ideas of determinism are compatible with science (1), science is seen as a successful route to knowledge (1), this allows cause-effect explanations (1), can predict and control behaviour (1). • Credit answers which deal with the problem of free will, eg inconsistent with the assumptions of science. Credit one example which illustrates.

7. JUNE 20044 (a) Using an example from psychology, explain what is meant by the nature-nurture debate. (4 marks) • [4 marks: AO1 = 2, AO2 = 2] • AO1 One mark for outline of nature-nurture, eg nature is that which is inherited/genetic as distinct from nurture which refers to all environmental influences after conception, ie experience. • One mark for the debate, ie the controversy within psychology that is concerned with the extent to which particular aspects of behaviour are a product of either inherited or acquired characteristics. • AO2 Up to two marks for the application of the nature-nurture debate to an example in psychology. • One mark for an appropriate example. Possible examples could come from perception, sexrole behaviour, atypical behaviour or differences between individuals in IQ. • One mark for an application of the debate to the example.

8. JUNE 2003(b) Choose one topic in psychology in which the contributions of nature and nurture have been investigated. Briefly discuss support for the nature side of the debate. (4 marks) [4 marks : AO1 = 2, AO2 = 2] • Most likely topics will be intelligence, gender and schizophrenia. • AO1 Two marks for a clear outline of the basis of the support for the nature side of the debate, which may include reference to genes, hormones, neurochemistry or rationale of methodology, eg family, twin, adoption studies, concordance rates etc. For example, if MZ twins who possess identical genes have significantly higher concordance rates for schizophrenia than DZ twins who only possess an average of 50% genes in common, this suggests that a genetic predisposition is involved. One mark if the basis of the support lacks clarity or sufficient detail. Alternatives to a purely biological perspective are acceptable, eg Freud. • AO2 Two marks for clear and relevant analysis of support for the nature side of the debate and/or limitation(s) of this support. One mark if attempt at analysis/application lacks clarity or accuracy.

9. Learning Objectives • To understand the demands of the 12 mark question mark scheme • To know key points for improvement for your own essay ‘Free will is an illusion. What seems to be freely chosen behaviour is really the result of internal and external forces acting upon the individual.’ Discuss this view. Refer to at least one topic area in your answer. (12 marks) How would a candidate score any of the 8 available A02 marks for this essay? How should they structure these points? DISCUSSION

10. ‘Free will is an illusion. What seems to be freely chosen behaviour is really the result of internal and external forces acting upon the individual.’ Discuss this view. Refer to at least one topic area in your answer. (12 marks) • AO1 Up to four marks for demonstrating knowledge and understanding relevant to the question. Maximum of one mark for knowledge of the debate: whether the behaviour is caused by the will of the individual/under the control of the individual or caused by forces over which the person has no control. Credit outline of internal and external forces. Accept references to biological, psychic and environmental determinism. Accept explanations of free will as an ‘illusion’ particularly with reference to Skinner though this is not essential. Credit description of relevant evidence up to one mark. • AO2 Up to eight marks for analysis of the debate and the topics which are discussed. Better candidates may discuss the implications of the causes of behaviour for moral responsibility and for psychology as a science. Accept discussion points on the problem with free will and the difference between free will and soft determinism. Likely topic areas are social influence, particularly Milgram’s findings on obedience to authority, gender, aggression, phobias, mood disorders, substance abuse and offending behaviour. Credit analysis in relation to approaches, most likely the humanistic, psychodynamic and behaviourist approaches and other debates such as reductionism v. holism.Credit use of relevant evidence.

11. Get into these groups 13C • Alex, Will • Lucy, Grace, Lucy K • Mike, Shauner, Catherine • Lily, Julia, Alison, • Becca, Jess • Matthew, Ellie, Emma, Gabby, Hayley

12. Get into these groups 13A Elliot, Chloe Becca H Becca M, Kate, Lauren Siobhan, Victoria, Molly

13. Get into these groups 13D Amy, Alice Lauren H, Chelsea Lauren D Mitch, Danny, Lucy, Emily, Charlotte, Sam Beth, Kate Jen, Yasmin

14. Grade groups: Task 1 (5 minutes) Each group has an essay, you should annotate your essay according to the mark scheme – how did they get the mark they did? • Each group will feedback one example of how the candidate got the grade they did using language from the mark scheme • E.g. ‘The candidate showed sound knowledge and understanding of the debate by describing psychic determinism and then using the topic of Little Hans to support this point’ • Remember: verbally you should always be using the language in which you will be assessed.

15. Grade Groups: Task 2 (5 minutes) • You are now going to decide how the candidate could improve their essay • Common mistakes made right across the board are summarised on the sheet which each group has a copy of • Mark on their work where they could have improved and be prepared to share this with the rest of the class

16. Feedback: how could they have improved their essay (5 minutes) • Reviewing our learning: based on your learning today you are going to improve your own essay • Re-write part of it to show how you could make the improvements • Didn’t do it? Improve the one you had as an example. • Finished? Write yourself 3 top tips which you can use in future debates essays – you will be given the nature-nurture essay next week, look at your feedback from this essay to help you – don’t make the same mistakes!

17. Homework • ‘The debate about nature and nurture in behaviour is fundamental in psychology and touches on several different topic areas’ • Discuss the nature-nurture debate in psychology. Refer to at least one topic you have studied to illustrate your answer (12 marks) • DUE TUESDAY MARCH 6th (next Tuesday) After school detention for non-completion (Friday 9th March, no excuses)