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Norman’s Cognitive Model

Norman’s Cognitive Model. [ Seffah ]. Cognitive Design Principles. Bridging the Gulf of Evaluation feedback about the system status utilize knowledge the user has already provide explanations, mental model Bridging the Gulf of Execution exploit affordances and automatic cognitive processes

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Norman’s Cognitive Model

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  1. Norman’s Cognitive Model [Seffah]

  2. Cognitive Design Principles • Bridging the Gulf of Evaluation • feedback about the system status • utilize knowledge the user has already • provide explanations, mental model • Bridging the Gulf of Execution • exploit affordances and automatic cognitive processes • don’t astonish the users! • use icons and widgets, but keep them consistent and make them easy to use

  3. Aspects of Design Principles • Affordances • Causality • Visible Constraints • Mapping • Transfer Effects • Population Stereotypes • Conceptual Models

  4. Arbitrary • 24 possibilities • Requires visible labels and memory (e.g. back/right, front/left, back/left, front/right • Paired • 2 possibilities per side = 4 possibilities • Requires label (e.g. back, front) • Full Mapping • 4 possibilities • Requires no visible labels and memory Mapping: Stove Controls [Seffah]

  5. Mapping and Causality • good example: Netscape preferences • not so good: Clip Art Gallery [Seffah]

  6. Transfer Effects [Seffah]

  7. affordances holes for fingers constraints big hole: several fingers small hole: thumb transfer learned when young applies to all kinds of scissors Good Conceptual Model [Seffah]

  8. affordances four buttons, functions unclear constraints and mappings unclear, no visible relations between objects and effects transfer must be learned explicitly different for different models conceptual model is not intuitive Bad Conceptual Model [Seffah]

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