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Experimental Psychology PSY 433

Experimental Psychology PSY 433. Chapter 13 Social Psychology. Midterm Results. Top score = 34/34 Top score for curve = 34. Social Psychology. Social Cognition -- how we perceive others: Stereotypes, prejudice, attraction, liking.

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Experimental Psychology PSY 433

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  1. Experimental PsychologyPSY 433 Chapter 13 Social Psychology

  2. Midterm Results Top score = 34/34Top score for curve = 34

  3. Social Psychology • Social Cognition -- how we perceive others: • Stereotypes, prejudice, attraction, liking. • Attitudes and beliefs, identity, sense of self, and how these are changed. • Social Influence -- how others influence our behavior: • Conformity, compliance, and obedience. • Aggression, violence, altruism, cooperation.

  4. Conformity

  5. Conformity • Sherif’s (1935) work on social norms using the autokinetic effect. • Autokinetic effect – a stationary spot of light in a dark room appears to move. • What others say affects an observer’s perceptions –it appears to move in an arc if other people saw it move in an arc.

  6. Conformity • Asch’s (1951, 1956, 1958) work on conformity using line judgments. • Subjects were told the study was on visual discrimination, but it was actually on conformity. • The task – identify which of 3 lines matches a standard. • Asch expected that people would follow the evidence of their own eyes – but they didn’t.

  7. Standard A B C

  8. Asch’s Paradigm • Six confederates & 1 subject • Each responded out loud • Experimental manipulation: • Confederates respond correctly on 6 trials & incorrectly on 12 • Most subjects conformed on 1 or more of the 12 incorrect trials • Control: Confederates always responded correctly (only 5% of subjects erred).

  9. Compliance and Obedience • Milgram (1963, 1964, 1965) obedience task • Paid subjects volunteered for a study of the effects of punishment on learning/memory. • Involved 3 people: • Authority – the experimenter • Victim – the “learner” (a confederate) • Subject -- the “teacher”

  10. 15 30 45 6075 90 105 120135 150 165 180195 210 225 240255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360375 390 405 420435 450 Slight Shock Moderate Shock Strong Shock Very Strong Shock IntenseShock Extreme-Intensity Shock Danger: Severe Shock XXX Milgram’s Shock Panel

  11. 15 30 45 6075 90 105 120135 150 165 180195 210 225 240255 270 285 300 Slight Shock Moderate Shock Strong Shock Very Strong Shock IntenseShock Learner Responses Grunts & Moans “Let me out!” “I can’t stand the pain!” “I refuse to answer!”

  12. Conditions Affecting Obedience • The setting – did Yale foster obedience because it was well-known, Ivy League? • Replication in a sleazy part of Bridgeport • 48% gave max shock, compared to 65% • Presence/absence of peers also showing defiance or conformity: • Conforming peers encouraged greater shock. • Proximity to the “victim”: 74% when hear victim, 40% when see victim, 30% when touch victim

  13. Interpreting Conformity Results • Perhaps subjects trusted that no harm would really come to the subjects – treated the context as “make believe”. • Perhaps results underestimate conformity, since the experimenter truly has no authority over the subject. • Obedience is not necessarily bad – society would not function if people ignored laws and persons in authority.

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