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The Stirrings of Rebellion. Chapter 4 Section 1. Mercantilism: Economic System based on colonialism. American colonies expected to : Supply Britain with raw materials Furnish ships, seaman and trade to bolster strength of the Royal Navy Provide a market for British manufactured goods
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The Stirrings of Rebellion Chapter 4 Section 1
Mercantilism: Economic System based on colonialism • American colonies expected to : • Supply Britain with raw materials • Furnish ships, seaman and trade to bolster strength of the Royal Navy • Provide a market for British manufactured goods • Refrain from exporting woolen cloth
George Grenville • Financial expert appointed by King George III to deal with England’s financial problems • His revenue raising policies angered American colonists • Sugar Act was first British law intended to raise revenue in the colonies
One change in colonial policy initiated by Grenville that helped precipitate the American Revolution involved : compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire
1765 : Stamp Act • To raise money to support military forces needed for colonial defense • Convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty • Generated the most protest in the colonies • First DIRECT TAX
No Taxation without Representation • Colonist rejection of Parliament’s power to levy revenue raising taxes on the colonies • Objection to the Stamp Act on the grounds that the colonists did not have representation in Parliament • Objected because Parliament passed the tax , not the colonists
Virtual Representation • Validated England’s taxation policies on the colonies • Every member of Parliament represented all British subjects • Claimed the colonists were represented in Parliament even if they did not think so • The power of Parliament over the empire was absolute
Colonial Protest to the Stamp Act • convening a colonial congress to request repeal of the act • a colonial boycott against British goods • violence in several colonial towns • wearing homemade woolen clothes
Declaratory Act • Followed repeal of Stamp Act • asserted Parliament's absolute power over the colonies
Townshend Acts • INDIRECT TAX on trade goods arriving in American ports • Unlike the Stamp Act which was a direct tax • Colonists took this act less seriously because it was lighter and and indirect • Opposition to these Acts caused Britain to send troops to Boston to restore law and order – “red coats”
Actions taken by the colonists that helped them unite : • the Stamp Act Congress • Non-importation agreements • spinning bees • the making and wearing of homemade woolen goods
Townshend Acts Repealed • Except a tax on tea retained to keep alive the principle of parliamentary taxation
Committees of Correspondence • Local colonial committees organized to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policies • Organized by pamphleteer – Samuel Adams
1773 – Tea Act • Colonists suspected it was a trick to get them to violate their “no taxation without representation” principle • Led to the “Boston Tea Party”
Boston Tea Party • Not the only such protest to occur • Not an isolated incident • The protests were not directed only at the British East India Company
John Adams • a Massachusetts politician who opposed the moderates solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress
Chronological Order : • Stamp Act • Repeal of Stamp Act • Declaratory Act • Townshend Acts • Boston Massacre • Tea Act • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Meeting of the First Continental Congress • Clash at Lexington and Concord