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The Linnaean System of Classification

The Linnaean System of Classification. Grouped organisms by physical characteristics in nested hierarchies Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species. Binomial Nomenclature. Two names Genus and species Better than a common name because it is always specific to a single species

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The Linnaean System of Classification

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  1. The Linnaean System of Classification • Grouped organisms by physical characteristics in nested hierarchies • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  2. Binomial Nomenclature • Two names • Genus and species • Better than a common name because it is always specific to a single species • Ex: Homo sapiens • Homo neaderthalensis • Gorilla gorillagorilla • BufoBufo

  3. How biologist classify living things • Physical characteristics – color, size, shape • Genetic similarities and differences - DNA • Fossil records of ancestors • Embryological developement Goal: Classification mirrors evolutionary relationships

  4. Annelids – Segmented Worms Genetics and Embryology show this is their closest relative Scientists used to think this was their closest relative Arthropods Flatworms

  5. Biological Classification • Domain - 3 • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species - 2 million described, 5-20 million estimated • The scientific name of a species is always its genus and species in italics • Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup • Dumb Kids Play Chicken On Freeway, Get Smushed

  6. History of Kingdoms • 1753 - Linnaeaus – two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae • 1866 – Animalia, Plantae, Protista • 1938 - Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera • 1959 - Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera, Fungi • 1977 - Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera, Fungi, Archaea

  7. Three Domains • Bacteria – no nucleus • Archaea – no nucleus, different cell walls • Eukarya – cells have a nucleus • Animalia • Plantae • Fungi • Protista

  8. Classification of Humans • Domain: Eukarya • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Mammalia • Order: Primates • Family: Hominidae • Genus: Homo • Species: Homo sapiens

  9. P.O.D. – Are we as Eukaryotes more related to Bacteria or Archaea?

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