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The Bureaucracy

The Bureaucracy. MAX WEBER German sociologist & political economist Bureaucracy is a rational way for modern society to conduct its business. The Bureaucracy. According to Weber A n effective b ureaucracy has: a well defined hierarchy task specialization consistent rules

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The Bureaucracy

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  1. The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Presidency

  2. MAX WEBER German sociologist & political economist Bureaucracy is a rational way for modern society to conduct its business. The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  3. According to Weber An effective bureaucracy has: • a well defined hierarchy • task specialization • consistent rules • operation by the merit principle • impartial treatment of all The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  4. The Pendleton Civil Service Act • Passed in 1883 • Created a federal civil service • so that hiring & promotion would be based on merit • instead of “patronage” • - which is the awarding of government jobs based on • the “spoils system” The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  5. The Hatch Act • Passed in 1939 • Prohibits government employees from active • participation in politics while on the job • While off duty, can participate, but cannot • run for office or solicit contributions The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  6. In the U.S. Government • The Executive branch is large & powerful • The most dramatic change has been the creation & growth of the bureaucracy • The bureaucracy has been given powers similar to those of Congress, the President & the Courts The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  7. In the U.S. Government • Is present in numerous policy-making capacities • Although sometimes controversial, plays a key role in attempts to fill various needs of the public • Hated for its presence and image of distance from the people • Loved for the creation of jobs and solving large, complex problems The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  8. 15 CABINET level departments • State Treasury Defense Justice • Interior Agriculture Commerce Labor • Transportation Energy Education • Veterans Affairs Health & Human Services • Housing & Urban Development The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  9. “Each of us has some special responsibility of one slice of America . . . The Bureaucracy I make a list of the real cabinet while I pretend to listen to B drone on.” AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  10. Secretary of the Interior – Secretary of the West (mining and timber companies, cattle ranchers, environmentalists) The Bureaucracy Secretary of the Treasury – Secretary of Wall Street (bond traders, investment bankers, institutional investors, money managers, the very rich) AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  11. Secretary of HUD – Secretary of Big Cities (mayors, developers, downtown Realtors, minority entrepreneurs, the very poor) The Bureaucracy Secretary of Agriculture – Secretary of Small Towns (farmers, small-town mayors, rural electrical cooperatives, highway contractors, local chambers of commerce) AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  12. Secretary of Commerce – Secretary of Corporate America (Fortune 500 companies, global conglomerates, top exporters and importers, large trade associations) The Bureaucracy Secretary of Labor – Secretary of Blue-Collar America (industrial unions, service unions, building trades, unorganized low-wage workers, the shrinking middle-class, the working poor) AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  13. Independent Regulatory Agencies (examples) • Federal Reserve Board • Federal Communications Commission • Securities & Exchange Commission • Federal Trade Commission • National Labor Relations Board The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  14. Government Corporations (examples) The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  15. Independent Executive Agencies (examples) • total of about 45-50 • General Services Administration • National Science Foundation • NASA The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  16. Implementation • Translating policy into action, through use of: • laws • executive orders • judicial decisions • regulatory rules The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  17. Problems: • Bad design • Lack of clarity • Lack of resources • Rules & procedures may be inflexible & unfair • Too much administrator discretion • Fragmentation (too many groups involved) The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  18. President tries to control by: • appointing the right people to head agencies • issuing executive orders • altering agency budgets • reorganizing agencies The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  19. Congress tries to control by: • influencing appointment of agency heads • altering budgets • holding hearings • rewriting legislation The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  20. MAJOR PROBLEM • Agencies controlled by • - powerful and interlocking groups • - that benefit from the existence of federal programs • - sometimes called “capture” The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  21. BUREAUCRACY CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST GROUPS COMMITTEES(Lobbyists) The Bureaucracy Iron Triangles AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  22. Examples of Iron Triangles • Department of Agriculture • - Administers farm programs • Agriculture Committees • Agri-Business The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  23. Examples of Iron Triangles • Department of Energy • - Responsible for energy policy and research • Energy Committees • Oil Industry The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  24. Examples of Iron Triangles • Department of Labor • - Runs programs regarding workers • Education & Labor Committees • Labor Unions & Business • - Influence depends on party in power The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  25. Examples of Iron Triangles • Department of Defense • - Consolidation of Departments of War & Navy • Armed Services Committees • Military Contractors The Bureaucracy AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  26. A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. • Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peacetime, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. A Warning AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  27. Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. • But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. A Warning AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  28. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence -- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in every city, every State house, every office of the Federal government. A Warning AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  29. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. A Warning AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  30. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. A Warning AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  31. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. • Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together. The Military Industrial Complex AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

  32. Who Warned of This? AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Bureaucracy

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