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Basic Genetics

Basic Genetics. Student Judge Seminar Warsaw September 2011. To see a cat. Some see a cat!. To see a cat. I see: a female cat genetic black color not diluted with white it’s a tortie mackerel tabby shorthair. To see a cat. I see: A - non agouti BB black

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Basic Genetics

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  1. Basic Genetics Student Judge Seminar Warsaw September 2011

  2. To see a cat Some see a cat!

  3. To see a cat • I see: a female cat genetic black color not diluted with white it’s a tortie mackerel tabby shorthair

  4. To see a cat • I see: A - non agouti BB black D - not diluted LL shorthair Mc - mackerel Ss bi-colour xox tortie

  5. To see a cat A judge see?? Beauty Which breed Pattern and colour Compare with: - breed standard - general part of standard

  6. To see a cat • A cat is ”built” of many different elements – a puzzle which can be joint together in many ways. • color • sex • pattern • hair length • etc.

  7. What is the color of the cat about? Back to the basic! Felis Sysvestris Lybica

  8. Original genetics The original model: AA BB CC DD ii LL McMc ss xy ww

  9. Original genetics The original model: agouti black no dilution non silver short hair spotted no white no points no red AA BB CC DD ii LL McMc ss xy ww

  10. Original genetics

  11. Original genetics Colour and structure! Original genetics Mutations in the development of the cats

  12. Original genetics Two types of colour pigments: Eumelanin: Black pigments Phaomelanin: Yellow to orange pigments

  13. Original genetics Structure of the hair The hair must be filled with the two types of pigments

  14. Original genetics Structure of the hair Phaomelanin (orange) is put into the hair

  15. Original genetics Structure of the hair Then eumelanin (black).

  16. Original genetics Most hairs is of this type (ticked or banded hairs): The pattern is areas of darker ticking on a lighter ticked ground The agouti ground The pattern

  17. Original genetics Nature goes for the average We goes for the extreme

  18. What is the color of the cat about? Production of color pigmentation and the distribution of the pigment granules Some modifying factors

  19. What is the color of the cat about? Melanocyter transfer melanine to the hair – gives the colour During the growth the melanin is incorporated in the hair celles.  Type and concentration of the pigment gives the colour

  20. Hvad handler farven på katten om? Produktion of eumelanin Different types (black, choc. and cin.) black chocolat cinnamon

  21. What is the color of the cat about? Production of eumelanine Different types (black, choc and cin.) B / b / bl Amount of eumelanines Normal A / D / x / Bm Overproduction (non agouti /pattern) aa None (red) xo xo / xo y Distribution (dilution) dd Modification (amber) bmbm

  22. What is the color of the cat about? Production of Pheaomelanine The colour or the amount of phaomelanine gives the variation from warm orange to cool yellow?)

  23. What is the color of the cat about? Production Pheaomelanine Distribution (dilution) dd None (silver) I - Modification (rufism)

  24. What is the color of the cat about? Pattern / modification of pattern original pattern (spottet) Mc - blotched (blotched) mcmc ticked (ticked tabby) tb tb wide band (shaded/tipped) Wb -

  25. What is the color of the cat about? No production of pigment all white (the white colour) W - piebald spotting (the white spotting) SS /Ss gloves (SBI) glgl white spots (??)

  26. What is the color of the cat about? Reduction of pigmentetion normal C burmese cb cb siamese cs cs ressecive white ca ca albino c c

  27. What is the color of the cat about? The quality of the colour and pattern Polygenetic modifications

  28. Genes Colour genes (color and pattern) Each gene controls one feature Can be dominant, recessive or partly dominant

  29. Genes • Polygenes • A lot of ”small” genes work together • They work in different ways • “Qualitymakers” • Modifyers • Treshold characters

  30. Colour genetics • I will look at one feature at a time. • They can be combined later on.

  31. B alleles – Black/brown colour B > b > bl Decides the shape of the euamelanin granules B = normal shape black b = oval shape cholate bl = rod shape cinnamon

  32. B alleles – Black/brown colour B > b > bl BB / Bb / Bbl Black bb / bbl Chocolate blbl Cinnamon .

  33. The red colour The red color. The red color is sex linked. The gene is placed on the X chromosome. No eumelanin is prodcued, no matter the type. Black, chocolate and cinnamon colours can not be produced!.

  34. The red colour Only phaeomelanin (the yellow/red color) is produced

  35. The red colour I have chosen to mark this gene for orange/red as a variation of the normal X gene, as the placement of the red allele is at the X chromosome. X the normal coloured cat Xo red Y carry no genes This way I think it is more clear that the color is sex linked and the explanation about the outcome as a result of mating red/tortie cat is more clear. This is my way of seeing it – and not all share my opinion on this matter.

  36. The red colour Xo blocks or change the production of eumelanine. Only phaomelanine will be produced. In order to work fully there must be two Xoin a female . In the male, who only has one X chromosome, one Xo gives a red male

  37. Red mating – colour distribution Male: red Females: normal - tortie - red females: tortie red or tortie red males: normal normal or red red ½

  38. Red mating – colour distribution Male: Normal Female: normal - tortie - red females: normal normal and tortie tortie male: normal normal and red red ½

  39. Colour pigmentation The basic colurs Black BB / Bb / Bbl Black eumelanine Chocolate bb / bbl Chocolate eumelanine Cinnamon blbl Cinnamon eumelanine Red No eumelanine

  40. Colour pigmentation The basic colurs black chocolate cinnamon red

  41. Colour pigmentation The basic colurs Explanation to why there is no difference between a genetically black, chocolate or cinnamon based red! No eumelanine is produced to give the difference!!!

  42. D allele - dilution DD / Dd controles the destribution of pigment granules in the hair. DD and Dd give an even distribution dd gives uneven deposit the hair appears lighter and the roots gets lighter

  43. D allele - dilution DD / Dd • cross section of a normal coloured hair (dense). • colour pighment evenly distributed in the hair • colour is black, choc., cinnamon

  44. D - allele - dilution dd Diluted hair Colour pigment is placed in groups Light can pass through the hair The hair appears paler Uneven placement of pigment • black blue • choc. lilac • cinnamon fawn • red creme

  45. D - allele - dilution dd Even though the pigment granules are distributed in an other way this will have no effect on the eyecolour.

  46. I allele – Silver (inhibitor) [II] & [Ii] cause suppression of the phaomelanine pigment in the individual hairs. That leaves only the eumelanine in the hair. (no warm colors left). [ii] is the normal coloured cat. (non-silver)

  47. I allele – Silver (inhibitor) The I gene works different in agouti and non agouti hairs. I non agouti hairs it leaves lower part of the hair without pigments (looks white)Non agouti and silver = smoke. non-agouti hair smoke hair.

  48. I allele – Silver (inhibitor) When reducing the pigments the hair structure can be seen and the tabby pattern shows.

  49. I allele – Silver (inhibitor) In agouti cats, the I gene surpresses the phaomelanin (the yellow/red colour) and the ticked hairs wil be the colour af the eumelanine and white without coloured bands. agouti hair silver agouti hair

  50. I allele – Silver (inhibitor) In agouti cats the I gene inhibits the phaomelanin (the yellow/red color) and the ticked hair will be black and white without coloured bands. non silver OSH n 22 silver OSH ns 22

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