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Something Old, Something New…

Explore the essentials of passive voice and perfect passive participles in Latin. This guide delves into the characteristics of verbs, including person, number, tense, mood, and voice. Learn to differentiate between active and passive constructions with examples. Discover how perfect passive participles are formed and their function in relation to the action in a sentence. By understanding these concepts, students will enhance their grasp of Latin grammar, allowing for improved reading and writing skills in the language.

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Something Old, Something New…

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  1. Something Old, Something New… Intro to passive voice Perfect Passive Participles

  2. Verbs—Review • We’ve seen that verbs have certain characteristics, like: • Person—who? • 1st—I/we • 2nd—you/you all • 3rd—s/he/it/they • Number—how many? • Sing/plural • Tense—when? • Present/imperfect/perfect/pluperfect • Mood—what’s the tone/situation? • Indicative/imperative • These characteristics are called “aspects.”

  3. One last Aspect (i.e. the “something new”) VOICE This is the difference between doing an action and having it done to you. I see the dog. The dog IS SEEN by me. They were writing a paper. A paper WAS BEING WRITTEN by them.

  4. Now for the Old bit… Remember our present ACTIVE participles? Portans, portantis—carrying Servi in cubiculum irrumperunt, Barbillumportantes. It’s called “present” because the action of the participle happens at the same time as the rest of the action in the sentence. It’s “active” because the slaves are DOING the carrying, they are not BEING carried.

  5. Another participle? Yes, please. In stage 21, we will see another TENSE and VOICE of participle. The PERFECT PASIVE participle. Because it’s perfect, when is this action taking place in relation to the rest of the sentence? The past. Because it’s passive, is it DOING or RECEIVING the action? Receiving

  6. The perfect passive participle in action: Servi in cubiculum irruperunt, Barbillumportantes. The slaves burst into the bedroom, carrying Barbillus. Barbillus, in cubiculum portatus, dormivit. Barbillus, having BEEN carried into the bedroom, slept.

  7. How’s it formed? You’ve learned that verbs have three parts…but there is a fourth, final principal part. Amo, amare, amavi, amatus This 4th part is the masculine perfect passive participle. Masculine Feminine Neuter Amatusamataamatum

  8. Present active participle (PAP) versusperfect passive participle (PPP)

  9. PAP or PPP? Amans Aedificatus Sedentem Amatae Portantes Vulneratos Portati Intrans Captam

  10. A word on PPPs These are still participles, so they are part verb/part adjective They MUST agree with the noun they describe in those same three key ways: Case Number Gender Use what you’ve learned! You know the 1st and 2nd declension endings, don’t freak out!

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