What is something/someone/etc. that roars?

1. THE ROARING ’20S What is something/someone/etc. that roars?

2. THE ROARING ’20S

3. Unit 1920s- Political“Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues”

4. Notes- Postwar Trends Effects of World War I: • Divided beliefs on League of Nations • Progressive Era changed American life • Difficult readjustment in economy • Wartime orders diminish • Soldiers returned facing unemployment • Took jobs of minorities and women • Cost of living doubled

5. Beliefs after World War I: • Nativism-prejudice against foreign-born people • Isolationism- policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs

7. Red= Communist *1919 Communist Labor Party was formed *Many Americans feared a communist revolution like that of Russia could occur in the U.S. if this was not stopped.

8. The Red Scare • Who might the man be? Who might he be holding? • What might the man do with these people? Why? • What message do you think the cartoonist is trying to convey? • How might political tensions have affected the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

10. Immigration, 1918-1926 • According to the graph, what happened to immigration from southern and eastern Europe during this period? • What might have caused this sharp decline in immigration? • What might this graph tell us about attitudes toward immigrants at the time? • How might anti-immigration sentiment have affected the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

12. Labor Unrest • What seems to be happening? • Why might there have been so many labor strikes in the postwar years? • How might labor tensions have affected the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

14. -WARREN G. HARDING “America’s present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality.”

19. Goods and Prices, 1900 and 1928 1900 1928 Washing machine ($150) Vacuum cleaner ($50) Sewing machine (electric) ($60) • Wringer and washboard ($5) • Brushes and brooms ($5) • Sewing machine (mechanical) ($25)

20. What might be a problem with this way of thought? Person 1: “Have you an automobile yet?” Person 2:“No, I talked it over with John and he felt we could not afford one” Person 1:“Mr. Budge who lives in your town has one and they are not as well off as you are.” Person 2:““Yes, I know. Their second installment came due, and they had no money to pay it.” Person 1:“What did they do? Lose the car?” Person 2:““No, they got the money and paid the installment.” Person 1:“How did they get the money?” Person 2:““They sold the cook-stove.” Person 1:“How could they get along without a cook-stove?” Person 2:““They didn’t. They bought another on the installment plan.”

21. What trends might or do spark conflict between your generation and your parents?

22. 1920s Society: Population Changes: • 1922-1929- Migration to cities accelerated • Many left the unchanged small towns and farms • They also left the small town attitudes and conservatism

23. New Urban Scene: • New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia were the most populated • Chicago was an industrial powerhouse with many different ethnicities working in factories

24. Changes from small towns: • Diversity • Not as intimate • Intellectually challenging • Read and argued about current events • Focused upon accomplishments NOT background • Tolerated drinking, gambling, and casual dating • Fast paced and noisy

25. Effects of rural to urban life: • Americans caught in a cultural tug-o-war between different lifestyles • Small town: safe, close ties, hardwork, and strict morals • City: anonymous crowds, moneymakers, and pleasure seekers

27. Do you think this is a Modernist or Traditionalist view? Explain.

28. Views of Women/About Women: • During 1920s many young women began to become more independent, reject 19th century values, and demand the same freedoms of men. • Flapper: an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes. • Double standard: set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women • Women had stricter principles than men • This still existed even though women wanted more freedom

29. Youth Culture Modernists Traditionalists View of youth Ways they attempted to limit youth (3-4 points) Hope and outcome for youth? • Education • Fads • Marriage/Dating • View of parents/elders • Cars

31. Pole-Sitting in the 1920s

33. Women and Work • New industrial economy led to work opportunities for women • Women began seeking employment as teachers, librarians, and clerical work • 1930, 10 million had jobs but were making less than men • More difficult for women to rise in their positions Changing Family • Margaret Sanger- opens first birth-control clinic • Less births • New inventions and innovations gave housewives more free time

34. Fundamentalists v. Scientifics American Fundamentalism-literal, or non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bible • Argued all important knowledge can be found in the Bible • Held religious revivals

35. Fundamentalists and Scientifics Modernists Traditionalists Overall view of science Thoughts on Darwin’s theory Belief on education William Jennings Bryanthoughts on theory • Overall view on science? • Charles Darwin’s theory • Natural selection • Belief about religion • Belief about education

36. Scopes Trial • Tennessee passed first law that made it a crime to teach evolution. • ACLU promised to defend any teacher who taught evolution • John T. Scopes- Biology teacher, arrested for teaching theory • Clarence Darrow defended Scope • Was not about guilt but, about the role of science and religion in public schools • Darrow called William Jennings Bryan (prosecutor) to stand as an expert of Bible • Revealed multiple interpretations can be made of Bible. • Scopes found guilty and fined (later changed) but law remained

37. Prohibition and Organized Crime

38. 18th Amendment- ProhibitionProhibition: manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited (not allowed).

39. Billy Sunday: Preacher and supporter of prohibition • Inspired fear of alcohol in parishioners “After all is said that can be said upon the liquor traffic, its influence is degrading upon the individual, the family, politics and business, and upon everything that you touch in this old world.”

42. Speakeasy: Underground hidden saloons and nightclubs where people could gain alcohol illegally. • When inside, one spoke quietly to avoid detection • To enter one had to present a card or password Bootleggers:Smugglers who brought illegal alcohol in from Cuba, Canada, and the West Indies • Named for practice of carrying liquor in the legs of boots

44. Effects of Prohibition: • Generated disrespect for the law • Contributed to organized crime • By mid-1920s only 19% of Americans supported Prohibition • Many believed it caused worse effects than prior to the law • Repealed by the 21stAmendment in 1933

45. Music and Literature

46. Harlem Renaissance

48. Harlem (New York Upper West Side) became the world’s largest black urban community. • Harlem Renaissance-literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture. • Literary Movement-celebrated heritage and trials of being black in a white world

49. Langston Hughes- Poet who described the difficult lives of working-class African Americans

50. Artistic movement- popularity of music that had always been viewed as “black” • Jazz- born in the 1900s in New Orleans • fusion of blues and instrumental ragtime • 1922- black Trumpeter from New Orleans, Louis Armstrong, popularized jazz in the north.