The World of Engineering: Problem Solving, Design, and Innovation

1. What is Engineering? • Problem solving • Design • Innovation and Creativity • Application of math and science • Teamwork and Leadership • Communication • Professional

2. What do Engineers do? • Work in industry, government or consulting • Develop surgical instruments • Design municipal infrastructure (water distribution lines, water treatment) • Remediate a contaminated site • Design a robotic systems for a production line in a factory

3. Engineer or Scientist – What’s the difference? • Science – understand concepts, learn about theory and principles, have expertise • Engineering – applies principles of math and science to solve real-life problems • Engineers and scientists often work together as part of a team • Engineering is a profession – P.Eng

4. Innovation in... • Waste management • Transportation • Communication • Production of: food, tools, machinery • Human health • Space travel and exploration • Computers in everyday life

5. Traditional Engineering Programs • Civil Engineering • Mechanical Engineering • Electrical Engineering • Chemical Engineering

6. Non-Traditional Engineering Programs • Industrial Engineering • Environmental Engineering • Biological or Biomedical Engineering • Engineering Systems & Computing • Computer or Software Engineering • Water Resources Engineering • Aerospace Engineering

7. Engineering at Guelph • Biological Engineering (Biomedical or bio-process areas of interest) • Engineering Systems & Computing (Biomedical, software or mechatronics areas of interest) • Environmental Engineering • Water Resources Engineering

8. Design Engineering • Design courses starting in first year • First year - marble launcher • Second year - windmill powered battery charger • Third year - design of prosthetic arm • Fourth year design courses

10. The Mission: • Design, build and test a device to transport a marble from less than a foot off the floor into a column of water • Slow the descent of the marble to the greatest extent possible • Maximum time completely under water, not touching the bottom

11. The Rules: • You may attach a device to the marble to suspend it in the water column • You may not change the marble • Human energy can only supply potential energy to the launch mechanism • If you add something to the water, it must be added with the marble mechansim • No explosives can be used

12. More Rules: • Made entirely by recycled materials • Constructed by the group • Total equivalent cost less than $50 • Safe for a nine year old to use • No animals may be used/harmed in the design

13. The column • Column 3 feet high • Water filled to within 2 inches of the top • A shallow sheet metal funnel will be attached to provide a greater entry radius (approx 3-4 feet) • Launch mechanism can touch the metal funnel but not the column or the water

14. OAC Requirements New Curriculum requirements OAC English ENG 4U 2 of OAC Physics, Chemistry and Biology 2 of PHYS, CHEM or BIOL OAC Calculus Advanced Functions and Introductory Calculus OAC Algebra & Geometry Geometry and Discrete Mathematics 1 additional OAC credit 1 additional grade 12 credit What do you need?

15. The Criteria • How long does the marble to descend to the bottom of the water column (longer is better) to a max of 5 min. • How expensive (cheaper is better) • Aesthetic appeal • Simplicity of design • Unique, innovative design

16. Brainstorming – the first step • No idea is a stupid or silly idea • Wild and crazy is good – suggest ideas without thinking too hard • One person record all of the ideas • No one is allowed to prove any ideas won’t work

17. What is Engineering? • Problem solving • Design • Innovation and Creativity • Math and science • Professional • Teamwork and Leadership • Communication

18. Solution 1 – Elastic launcher • Launching arm on an elastic band, potential energy by drawing back the arm launches the marble • Added prop to elevate the launcher • Adjustable to change the range of the launcher and improve accuracy

19. Solution 1 – Cork floater • Marble attached to cork – buoyant forces counteract the weight of the marble • Flat piece of cork acts to provide drag in the water

21. Solution 2 – Weight pulley on a ramp • Weight (pop bottle filled with nails) attached by string to ½ popcan holding the marble flotation device over a pulley (old inline skate wheels) • As weight falls by potential energy, the can with the marble leaves the floor and rises to the column and tips the marble flotation device into the column

22. Solution 2 – Oil capsule • Spherical capsule filled with canola oil (lighter than water) • Fishing weights and paperclips to balance weight

24. Solution 3 Counter-weight lift device • Elevator type lift – wooden structure with a angled platform • Free weights attached by string to the platform • Once released from the top of the structure, the weights fall, and the platform rises, releasing the flotation device into the column

25. Solution 3 – Water balloon • Large balloon filled with water, diameter slightly less than the diameter of the column • Marble inside • Attached to a PVC pipe capsule containing alka-seltzer • When balloon is released, water leaks into capsule through a drilled hole • Reaction with alka-seltzer released gas, increases the balloon diameter, balloon gets stuck in column

30. The Winner • Solution 3 – Maximum suspension (5 min) • Second runner up – Solution 2 (4 min)

31. OAC Requirements New Curriculum requirements OAC English ENG 4U 2 of OAC Physics, Chemistry and Biology 2 of SPH 4U, SCH 4U or SBI 4U OAC Calculus Advanced Functions and Introductory Calculus OAC Algebra & Geometry Geometry and Discrete Mathematics 1 additional OAC credit 1 additional grade 12 credit What do you need ?

32. Biological Engineering • Applying engineering to biological systems • Food engineering • Biological processing • Biomechanics or biomedical applications • Ergonomic design applications • Students can mix and match

33. 4th Year Design Projects • Project SOY – has included projects involving food coatings, alternate food packaging, SOY substitutes • Analysis and bioremediation of contaminated soils • Pedobarograph • Device for measuring forces during teeth grinding/Bruxism • Surgical Instrument for back surgery

34. Engineering Systems & Computing • Computer engineering (hardware) and Software engineering and Systems engineering • Embedded systems • Elevators • Microwaves • VCR • Car • Interaction – hardware, software, environment

35. Robotic Arm Demonstration

36. 4th Year Design Projects • Portable MP3 music machine • Robotic arm application where arms work in collaboration to complete a task • Intelligent mechatronic aide for recovering stroke patients • Voice recognition and translation • Home robot controlled via the internet

38. Research – Computer Vision Technologies • Robot that has vision and interacts with and tracks people • More sensitive than automated visual tracking • Applications – monitoring manufacturing, robotic arm routines and prevention of line shutdowns • GM – vehicle technology to prevent drivers from falling asleep, driver assistant for traffic surveillance

39. What is in our water? • Our water originates from lakes, reservoirs, groundwater and must be treated before use • Water recycling - Guelph’s wastewater is Brantford’s drinking water • Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum

40. What is in our water?

41. MERCURY VAPOR AND ARGON QUARTZ ENVELOPE TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE UV Disinfection

42. Visible Violet Red Cosmic rays Gamma rays X- rays Ultra- violet Radio waves Infrared X-rays Vacuum UV UV-C UV-B UV-A Visible l (nm) 100 200 300 400 800 What is UV light?

43. First Semester Second Semester Design I Mechanics Calculus I Calculus II Intro to Computer Programming Chemistry II/Programming II Chemistry I Physics History of Science Engineering Analysis The First Year