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Understanding Leaf Structure and Function: Key Parts and Their Roles

Leaves are remarkable structures designed for photosynthesis and gas exchange. The thin, flat part of the leaf is known as the blade, attached to the stem via the petiole. The outer layer, called the epidermis, protects the leaf and is coated with a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss. Stomates, surrounded by guard cells, enable gas exchange. The mesophyll contains the palisade and spongy layers, essential for photosynthesis and air circulation. Vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem transport water, minerals, and sugars, while transpiration helps regulate water flow in plants.

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Understanding Leaf Structure and Function: Key Parts and Their Roles

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  1. Aim - Leaves and the work they do.

  2. The thin flat part of a leaf is called the BLADE. It is attached to the stem by the leaf stalk aka the PETIOLE.

  3. The outermost cell layer of the leaf is the EPIDERMIS, which protects the leaf from injury.

  4. The epidermis is covered by a waterproof wax coating called the CUTICLE. The cuticle provides protection against water loss.

  5. STOMATES allow the exchange of gases • between the environment • and the inner tissues of the leaf.

  6. Each stomate is surrounded by a pair of GUARD CELLS. The guard cells open or close the stomate opening.

  7. The MESOPHYLL makes up the middle layers of the leaf. They are the PALISADE LAYER and the SPONGY LAYER. PALISADE LAYER MESOPHYLL SPONGY LAYER

  8. The PALISADE LAYER is the main photosynthetic tissue of the leaf.

  9. CYCLOSIS is the movement of the cytoplasm that carries the chloroplasts around the cell. This maximizes the amount of light absorbed by the leaf.

  10. The SPONGY LAYER contains many air spaces that provide good air circulation through the leaf.

  11. The VASCULAR tissues make up the veins of the leaf. They are the XYLEM and the PHLOEM. XYLEM PHLOEM

  12. The XYLEM carries water and minerals from the soil throughout the plant. The Pholemcarries sugar from the leaves to the roots for storage.

  13. TRANSPIRATION is the loss of water through the stomates of the leaf. Transpiration aids the movement of water throughout the xylem tissue.

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