English Phonetics

1. English Phonetics 东北师大附小 于 洋

2. 国际音标概述 英语语音，按音素的划分共有44个因素。在这44个音素中，有24个辅音，12个单元音和8个双元音，再加上[]、[]、[]、[]这四组音，英语共有48个音位，国际音标是记录这些音位的符号，因此我们常说英语中共有48个音标。

3. 元音vowels ：发音时气流不受发音器官阻碍，声带振动 辅音consonants：受到发音器官阻碍，声带有的振动，有的不振动

4. 音标按照发音时的特点不同，可分为： 元音： 单元音（前元音、中元音、后元音） 双元音（合口双元音、集中双元音） 辅音：爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌侧音、半元音 辅音又可分为清辅音和浊辅音。

5. 元音12个 双元音8个

6. 清浊成对的辅音10对（20个）

7. 单个辅音8个：

8. IPA——International Phonetic Alphabet(国际音标)International Phonetic Association(国际语音学学会) • vowels 元音 • consonants 辅音

9. []的感受与练习(P20) • 长元音，发音时声带振动 • 舌尖抵下齿，舌部肌肉紧张，舌前部尽量向上腭抬起，是四个前元音中发音舌位抬得最高的音素 • 双唇呈扁平口形，像微笑一样。

10. [i:] ee—— meet, feed, sheep ea—— eat, meat, meal ie—— believe, thief, grief, perceive ei——receive, deceive ey——key Seeing is not always believing.

11. 单词朗读练习:eat meet keep key feed sheep sweet dream seeing seed deep see leave team three seat secret leaf feet believing teacher please seem east

12. 短语朗读练习: eat a lot of meat feel very weak sweet dreams keep a lot of sheep meet in the street

13. in three weeks leave the team seeing is believing keep a lot of sheep in a deep sea

14. 句子朗读练习:1.Who is keeping the key to the classroom? 2.It’s not good to eat too much meat. 3.This can be seen early in the deep sea. 4.They have been enjoying their sweet dreams these years. 5.These are my feet.

15. 短文朗诵练习： Mr. Green seldom eats meat, but he keeps eighteen sheep. He loves the sheep and feed them with tree leaves. During the day, he weeds the field. At night, he has little sleep. Because he knows there are thieves. One day, he has a dream. He sees thirteen sheep in the street. They are leaving the team. Mr. Green feels very sad indeed. Three weeks later, a thief is stealing into the backyard, trying to steal his sheep, but not succeed.

16. []的感受与练习(P20) • 前元音，发音时声带振动 • 舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向上腭抬起，但比发[]音时略低些和放松些。 • 双唇呈扁平口形。比发[]音时稍开大些。

17. [] i——little, sister, visit, big, city, with y——lady, happy, silly, busy, very, story e ——preliminary, prepay， prepare u——minute, busy

18. 单词朗读练习: little sister live with big city rich lady very sailing visit university happy family busy minute limit pity minister

19. 短语朗读练习:my little sister, sixty-six city, a very big city, life in the big city, a very busy street, at the ticket office, in the district , the funny story feel homesick, a happy family, down the little city, a very silly mistake, stake to one’s limit, have a picnic in a few minute

20. 句子朗读练习:1.Lily lives in a very big city. 2.My little sister is now sixteen years old. 3.My sister works in a ticket office. 4.Sally is a very rich lady. 5.The kids are listening to a story.

21. 短文朗读练习： My little sister, Jenny, is sixteen. She lives in a big city with Nancy. Nancy is a rich lady. She has six kids. They keep her very busy. She works in a ticket-office. Nancy is happy, because her family is a happy family. She often takes the kids to visit her office and the nearby university. The kids like Nancy, and Nancy likes them, too.

22. 音标[]、[]的比较与练习(P23-24) feel/ fill peak/ pick sheep/ship seat/ sit lead/lid heat/hit beat/bit read/ rid

23. sitting on the seat feeling very sick receiving a gift reading practice not fit the feet a bit too meek(柔弱) a bit too sweet shipping the sheep

24. 1.I feel very sick. 2. Please sit on the seat. 3. Keep it between you and me. 4. The kid is sleeping. 5. Keep the lid for later use. 6. He is picking tea-leaves on the peak. 7. He will finish reading the article in a minute. 8. The kids are having a picnic at the seaside.

25. []的感受与练习(P1) • 前元音，发音短促，声带振动 • 舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向上腭抬起，但比发[]音位置略低 • 双唇呈扁平口型，上下齿可容一指。

26. e——set let net nest lesson ea——steady ready already dead head ue——request guest a—— many any Thames ai——said ie——friend []

27. 单词中的朗读练习 best friend memory seldom letter tell better together lesson help dress step chess clever French forget

28. 句子和短语中的朗读练习 my best friend She has a good memory. seldom forget write a letter Tell me how to do. help me with my lessons She is dressed in her best. a clever girl express herself She gets very little rest.

29. 短文朗读练习 Ted is my best friend. He has a good memory. He seldom forgets things. When he has time, he writes me a letter. He tells me how to do things better. When we are together, he helps me with my lessons. Ted has a sister. Her name is Jenny. She is a pretty girl. She is always dressed in her best. Jenny is a clever girl, too. She can express herself in fluent French. She is always ready to learn and improve herself.

30. []的感受与练习(P1) • 发音时声带振动 • 舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起 • 双唇张开呈扁平状，上下齿之间可容二指。

31. [] ——a在重读闭音节中的读音： bad apple sad glad flag

32. 单词中的朗读练习 at fat add back cap hat black map catch lab carry handbag accident stand mad bank snatch(抓住) smash（粉碎）

33. 短语和句子中的朗读练习 He is a bad guy. He is a black sheep. in the family a glad hand driving like mad standing there idly go to gamble dogs and cats traffic accidents snatch handbags Jack is very glad that you are back.

34. 短文朗读练习 Jack is a bad guy. And he is a black sheep in his family. He is bad to his dad. When his dad is mad, he is very glad. And when his dad is glad, he becomes mad.

35. 音标[]、[]的比较与练习(P4) red/rat bed/bad set/sat get/gap net/nap a red flag/ the bag on the bed/ the lamp on the desk/ met a fat cat

36. The red rat is getting mad. She sat on the bed and felt very sad. Jenny wants to marry a fat cat. Sad things are hard to forget.

37. P1

38. 双唇爆破音[][b](P1): • 软腭抬起， 堵住鼻腔的通路， 双唇紧闭， 逼住气流，然后突然放开，气流冲出口腔

39. 软腭爆破音[k][g](P1): • 软腭抬起堵住鼻腔的通路，舌后部同时隆起，紧贴软腭的前部，憋住气流然后突然离开，气流冲出口腔，形成清辅音[k]或[g]

40. 齿龈爆破音[t] [d](P11): • 软腭抬起，堵住到鼻腔的通道，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气流，然后舌尖突然下降，气流冲出口腔。

41. 朗读下列单词，注意划线部分的读音： digplay peep help bit rabbit eat hot code wait green black blue plane 请注意不要出现加音现象！！！

42. 语音语调知识——失去爆破(P64) 当一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音或摩擦音，或破擦音、或鼻音、或舌侧音时，前一个爆破音不发生爆破或不完全发生爆破，这种现象叫失去爆破。在读后一个辅音之前，要用相关的发音器官摆好前一个爆破音的发音姿势，作发音准备，稍作停顿后再直接摆发下面的爆破音。

43. 1）完全失去爆破——爆破音+爆破音 a flat tire / cupboard / blackboard / Red cross 2）不完全失去爆破——爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音 a sad story / a nonstop flight / recite the poem / a good chance 3)不完全失去爆破——爆破音+鼻辅音 good morning / garden / pardon 4) 不完全失去爆破——爆破音+舌侧音 little / at last / hard life

44. 朗读下列短语，注意失去爆破(P64) a red chair / an old jeep / a big tree / a good driver / an old city / an old sheep / a gold fish / a big spoon / sit down / a good girl / last term / a big garden / a quick term / a white coat / next door

45. last dinner 最后的晚餐 hard ware 硬件 soft ware 软件 first visit第一次访问 restroom休息室 postdoctoral博士后 landscape 风景 postpone 推迟 postmark 邮 friendship友谊 sandwich三明治 handbag 手提包 handsome英俊的 postcard 明信片 kindness postbox 邮箱 First come ,first serve .先到先招待 Last week 上周last month 上个月old friends 老朋友

46. best choice 最好的选择 next door 隔壁 last time 上次 first time第一次 west coast 西海岸 just now 刚才 left turn 左拐 spot 露点 waste time 浪费时间 soft drink 软饮料 hot dog 热狗 got to go 得走了 airport tax 机场税 bend down俯下身子 canned food 灌头食品 hold back阻止 cold dish 冷盘 get together聚会 world class 世界一流的 good time好时光 first hand第一手

47. 1.He is the best person for the job. 2.They ask me to go . 3.Do you mind my smoking? 4.How long will it take me to get there? 5.Don’t let me down. 6.I would like a cup of tea.

48. []的感受与练习(P11) • 口张大，舌身平放后缩， • 舌尖离开下齿，舌后部略抬起； • 发音时声带振动。 • 注意：不要发的太短

49. [] ar——star park dark party a——vast past example bath path answer al——calm palm half ear——heart hearth(炉边) er ——clerk sergeant (警官) au —— aunt laugh

50. 在单词中的练习 dark Mark farm father ask task half past start sharp bath yard market smart apartment marvelous basket cast partner large