The War of 1812

1. America’s Second War for Independence The War of 1812

2. “On to Canada, on to Canada” • Militarily unprepared • Canada was a focus because the British army was weakest there. • Offensive strategy was poorly conceived • Best strategy—capture Montreal • America strategy—3 pronged • 1. Detroit • 2. Niagara • 3. Lake Champlain

3. The Battle of the Great Lakes • Oliver Hazard Perry—built a fleet of green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie • “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” • Battle of the Thames—British defeated by General Harrison in October 1813 • By 1814, Americans were grimly defending own soil

4. Washington Burned • August 1814 • 4,000 Br. troops scattered some 6,000 militiamen • Burned the capitol and the White House

5. Fort McHenry and Francis Scott Key • Br. forces hammered Ft. McHenry • American stood strong • Br. fail to capture it

6. New Orleans • Force led by Andrew Jackson consisting of pirates, Frenchmen, men from KY, TN, and LA. • British launched a frontal assault—BIG MISTAKE • January 8, 1815—Br. lost 2,000 in 30” • Major victory for the Americans • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0

7. Treaty of Ghent • Officially ended the War of 1812 • December 24, 1814 • Armistice • No mention of grievances • “Not one inch of territory ceded or lost.”

8. RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812 Results of the war included: • End of the Federalist Party (opposed war) • Encouraged industries in U.S. • Rise in nationalism/American independence Despite the burning of the President’s mansion, the U.S. emerged strong

9. Results: Demanded $ assistance from DC for lost trade Const. amend. Requiring 2/3 vote in Congress before embargo, new states, or declaration of war. Federalist Grievances • Hartford Convention • 26 delegates from NE states met to discuss issues

10. Other Federalist demands • Abolish 3/5 clause • Single term for presidents • Prohibit the election of 2 successive presidents from the same state • Aimed at the “Virginia Dynasty” • Utter failure in wake of Battle of New Orleans • End of Federalist Party

11. Clay’s “American System” • Markets were flooded with cheap British goods, hurting American industries • Tariff of 1816—established the first protective tariff in US history • American System—economic system proposed by Henry Clay • 1. strong banking system • 2. protective tariff • 3. roads and canals

12. Road blocks of the American System • Federal government voted in 1817 to give $1.5 million to the states for internal improvements • Vetoed by Madison • NE strongly opposed the building of a road because it would drain away population and create competing states

13. The Era of Good Feelings? • James Monroe was elected president in 1816 by the Republicans. • One-party rule • Sectional tensions increase, conflict over slavery, internal improvements and the economy caused issues

14. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE • In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood • Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a “free” state • Henry Clay organized a compromise. HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT COMPROMISER

15. MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

16. Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida • 1818—Anglo-American Convention with Britain • Provided for a 10 year joint occupation of Oregon • 1819—Adams-Onis Treaty • Spain ceded Florida to America

17. THE MONROE DOCTRINE • In the early 19th Century, various European countries hinted at increased colonization • In his 1823 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe: Don’t interfere with Western Hemisphere

18. What idea does this political cartoon convey?