Progress of Security Encryption Technology for LoRa Module

1. Progress Progress of of Security Security Encryption Encryption Technology Technology for for LoRa LoRa Modules Modules in in 2025 2025 and and Manufacturers' Manufacturers' Advantages Advantages I. I. Introduction Introduction With the popularization of LoRa technology in sensitive fields such as industrial control, logistics tracking, and energy management, the security of data transmission and device identity has become the core concern of users. In 2025, the security encryption technology of LoRa modules has been upgraded from "software algorithm protection" to "hardware - level security + protocol - layer encryption + end - cloud collaboration". This article focuses on the technological progress of mainstream manufacturers and analyzes EBYTE's differentiated advantages in the security field. II. II. Core Core Progress 2025 2025 Progress of of Security Security Encryption Encryption Technology Technology for for LoRa LoRa Modules Modules in in (1) (1) Popularization Popularization of of Hardware Hardware - - Level Level Security Security Engines Engines Traditional LoRa modules rely on software to implement AES encryption, which is vulnerable to side - channel attacks (such as power analysis). In 2025, mainstream manufacturers began to integrate hardware security engines into modules. Through dedicated circuits, key storage and encryption operations are realized, greatly improving the anti - attack ability. For example, Microchip's RN2903 module has a built - in AES - 128 hardware encryption engine, supporting hardware key storage and true random number generation. EBYTE's E32 - 433T30D module goes a step further by integrating a national cryptographic SM4 hardware encryption engine (compliant with GB/T 32907 - 2016 standard), supporting "end - to - end" national cryptographic encryption. The keys are stored in a secure chip (SE), and the physical anti - tampering ability reaches the EAL4+ level, making it suitable for domestic government affairs, energy, and other scenarios with high security requirements. (2) (2) Strengthening Strengthening of of Protocol Protocol - - Layer Layer Security Security Mechanisms Mechanisms The LoRaWAN 1.1 protocol has introduced the "two - way authentication + dynamic key" mechanism, but in 2025, manufacturers further strengthened security through protocol extension. For example, some manufacturers support "dynamic session key update" (a new key is automatically generated every 1000 packets transmitted), or add "device identity fingerprints" (generated based on the unique hardware ID) to private protocols to prevent the access of fake terminals. EBYTE's E78 - 400M22S1C module supports both LoRaWAN 1.0.3 and 1.1 protocols. In its private LinkWAN protocol, new functions of "device whitelist + dynamic session

2. key" are added. Devices need to pass the "fingerprint verification" (a hash value generated based on the module's MAC address and hardware ID) of the gateway to access, and the communication key is automatically updated every hour, effectively resisting replay attacks and fake node impersonation. (3) (3) Implementation Implementation of of End End - - Cloud Cloud Collaborative Collaborative Security Security Solutions Solutions Single - module encryption cannot cover all - link risks. In 2025, manufacturers launched "end (module) - pipe (gateway) - cloud (platform)" collaborative security solutions, realizing full - process protection through module hardware encryption, gateway identity verification, and cloud - platform log auditing. The "LoRa Secure Transmission Suite" jointly launched by EBYTE and Alibaba Cloud IoT is a typical example. At the module end, device certificates are stored in the hardware SE chip. At the gateway end, each packet of data is verified with a "hash + timestamp". The cloud platform records all communication logs through blockchain storage. Any abnormality in any link (such as data tampering or device offline) will trigger an alarm, ensuring "data traceability and operation auditability" in scenarios such as logistics tracking and industrial control. III. III. Comparison Comparison of Manufacturers Manufacturers of Security Security Technology Technology Advantages Advantages among among Mainstream Mainstream Typical Typical Application Application Scenarios Scenarios Core Core Security Security Technology Technology Manufacturer Manufacturer Certification/Compliance Certification/Compliance National cryptographic hardware engine + dynamic session key + end - cloud collaboration Domestic government affairs, energy, logistics tracking National cryptographic SM4 certification, EAL4+ anti - tampering EBYTE LoRaWAN 1.1 protocol + AES - 128 software encryption International general IoT scenarios FIPS 140 - 2 (for some modules) Semtech Industrial control, medical equipment Hardware AES engine + secure chip (ATECC608A) Microchip ISO 27001, NIST SP 800 - 185 5G + LoRa dual - mode encryption + support for national Smart cities, public utilities Certified by the Chinese Cryptography Society ZTE IoT

3. Typical Typical Application Application Scenarios Scenarios Core Core Security Security Technology Technology Manufacturer Manufacturer Certification/Compliance Certification/Compliance cryptography SM1/SM4 EBYTE's Core Advantages: Its security solution takes into account both "international standards (LoRaWAN 1.1)" and "domestic compliance (national cryptographic SM4)". The hardware - level encryption engine and end - cloud collaboration mechanism are particularly suitable for scenarios with high security requirements and compliance with domestic regulations (such as protecting cargo information in logistics tracking and encrypting device control instructions in industrial monitoring). IV. IV. Conclusion Conclusion In 2025, the security encryption of LoRa modules has been upgraded from "basic protection" to a three - dimensional protection system of "hardware + protocol + cloud". With the national cryptographic hardware engine, dynamic key management, and end - cloud collaboration solution, EBYTE has formed significant advantages in domestic sensitive scenarios, becoming a benchmark manufacturer in the field of security encryption.