KFGVIRA.Co. Presentation

1. KFGVIRA Co. Presentation تماس با مشاور فنی : 02144225163 @KFGVIRA WWW.KFGV-CO.COM WWW.KFG-CO.COM

2. تاریخچه • مقدمه • شركت كيان فراگير (KFG)فعالیت خود را از سال 1376 با ثبت کارگاه صنعتی در زمینه تولید اینورترهای صنعتی و شارژرهای صنعتی آغاز نمود. • بعد از چندین سال فعالیت در پروژه هایحفاظت کاتدیک، مقابله با خوردگی و فرسایش فلزات به یکی از تولید کنندگان این گونه تجهیزات در صنعت نفت،گاز،پتروشیمی تبدیل شد و اینک با نام کیان فراگیر ویرا با تولید اقلام دررسته صرفه جویی انرژی مشغول فعالیت میباشد . • علاوه بر ترانس ركتيفاير حفاظت كاتديك در انواع مختلف كه از توليدات ثابت اين شركت مي باشد محصولات ذيل كه در رسته صرفه جويي انرژي در تاسيسات است در زمره توليدات اين شركت مي باشد. • سيستم تثبيت فشار آب(ALB)( اينورتر پمپ ) • رسوب زدايي آپ نيك (UPNIIC) به صورت القا جریان فرکانس بالا (التراسونیک ) • کنترل هوشمند موتورخانه (UPSUN) • تابلو بوسترهاي دور ثابت ،تابلو برق تاسيسات

3. Corrosion Basic Corrosion is the deterioration of a material through reaction with its environment. In the case of a metal, this deterioration occurs mainly through an electrochemical process. Corrosion Cell: 1. Anode 2. Cathode 3. Electrolyte 4. Metallic Path Cathodic Reaction Anodic Reaction

4. Types of Corrosion • Basically there are four ways of corrosion can occur. • General Corrosion C. Galvanic Corrosion 1. Dissimilar metals 2. Old to new Syndromes 3. Scratched Surfaces 4. Stressed metallic sections 5. Temperature B. Concentration Corrosion 1. Dissimilar Environment 2. Oxygen Concentration Cell 3. Moist / Dry Electrolyte 4. Non-Homogeneous Soil 5. Concrete/Soil Interference 6. Backfill Impurities 7. Biological Effects D. Stray Current Corrosion 1. DC Transit Systems 2. HVDC ElectricTransmission Lines. 3. Welding Operations. 4. Cathodic Protection Systems.

5. Concentration Cell Corrosion 2. Oxygen Concentration 1. Dissimilar Environment 3. Moist/Dry Electrolyte 4. Concrete /Soil Interference

6. Concentration Cell Corrosion Non-uniform current distribution over a pipeline resulting from differences in the soil resistivity.

7. Galvanic Corrosion 2. Old to New Syndrome 1. Dissimilar Metal 3. Scratched Surface

8. Stray Current Corrosion 1. Cathodic protection system 2. DC Transit System 3. DC Welded Operation

9. Stray Current Corrosion

10. Corrosion Aspects

11. Corrosion Rates Since almost all corrosion is an electrochemical reaction, anything that affects the speed of a chemical reaction or the amount of current flow will affect the rate of corrosion. The rate of corrosion is directly proportional to the amount of current which flows in the electrochemical corrosion cell. Reinforced Concrete Corrosion Chloride Ions Penetrability of air and water Carbonation Corrosion in Soil Marine Corrosion • Humidity • Oxygen • Salinity • Temperature • Electrical • Resistivity • pH • Dissolved Oxygen • Salinity • Temperature • Hardness • Pollution • Wind • Rain • Biological organisms

12. Corrosion Rates

13. Corrosion Rates Atmospheric Zone Splash Zone Tidal Zone Continuously Submerged Zone Soil Zone

14. Reinforced Concrete Corrosion

15. Cathodic Protection Cathodic protection is the prevention of corrosion by making a metal, which would ordinarily behave like an anode and corrode, behave like a cathode and be free from corrosive attack. Essentially, CP is predetermining the anode in the corrosion cell, or making a large corrosion cell to overcome the other smaller corrosion cells. Protection criteria Current Requirement

16. Potential and Corrosion Risk

17. Galvanic Cathodic Protection Galvanic Anode Material Al, Zn, Mg Galvanic Anode Installation Galvanic Anode Connection Applications Advantages Unlikely Cathodic interference in other structures. Low-maintenance systems System is essentially self-regulating. Relatively low risk of overprotection. Relatively uniform potential distributions. Disadvantages Limited current and power output. High-Resistivity environments or large structures may require excessive number of electrodes. Anodes may have to be replaced frequently under high current demand. Anodes can increase structural weight if directly attached to a structure.

18. Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Impressed Current Power Supply Impressed Current Anode Material Graphite, Magnetite, FeSi, MMO, Platinized Ti/Nb/Ta Impressed Anode Ground Beds Horizontal, Vertical, Deep Groundbed, Distributed Groundbed, Closed Interval, Open Hole Advantages High current and power output range Ability to adjust the protection levels Large areas of protection Low number of anodes, even in high-Resistivity environments May even protect poorly coated structures Disadvantages Relatively high risk of causing interference effects. Lower reliability and higher maintenance requirements. External power has to be supplied. Higher risk of overprotection damage. Risk of incorrect polarity connections Running cost of external power consumption. More complex and less robust than sacrificial anode systems in certain applications.

19. Impressed Current Anode Groundbed

20. Impressed Current Anode Groundbed

21. Silicon Iron Anodes High Silicon Iron is a solid, non-porous material. This alloy consists of matrix of Silico-Ferrite in which the majority of carbon is in the form of graphite flakes at grain boundaries. Adding chromium results in eliminating graphite. Chemical Composition Limitation Sulphate Ions pH Mechanical Properties Thermal Shock Application Acidic water and Soil Chloride Content Soil &Water

22. Silicon Iron Anodes Tubular Rod Type Cable Connection

23. Silicon Iron Anodes Corrosion Rate Current Density Limitation Current Output

24. Platinum clad Anodes Platinum is an excellent anode material due to its high conductivity and low consumption rate. Because of its high cost, it is not economical to use platinum by itself. Base Material : Ti, Nb, Ta Technical Data • Applications • Pt/Ti-Nb-Ta rod anodes • internal protection of condenser, process equipment, etc. • Pt/Ti-Nb-Tawire anodes • internal protection of water tanks and pipeline • Pt/Ti-Nb-Ta mesh anodes • protection of reinforced concrete structures

25. MMO Anodes Mixed-metal oxide anodes were developed in Europe during the early 1960s for use in the industrial production of chlorine and caustic soda. The first known use of the technology for cathodic protection occurred in Italy to protect a seawater jetty in 1971. The oxide consists of an aqueous solution of iridium, Ruthenium, Tantalum and platinum powder that is also baked at high temperatures to achieve a desirable film. After baking, the rutile oxide develops a matte black appearance and is highly resistant to abrasion. • Oxide layer breakdown voltage • Ti • MMO

26. Comprehension Between MMO & FeSi

27. Rod Anodes • Rod Anodes are comprised of a titanium substrate with a mixed metal oxide coating. The mixed metal oxide is a crystalline, electrically conductive coating that activates the titanium and enables it to function as an anode. • Applications • Process Vessels • Water Condenser Boxes • Heat Exchangers • Water Intake Structures • Rod Anodes Sizes • Rod Anodes are available in these standard sizes: • 1/8 " × 4'1/4" ×4' 1/2" × 4' 3/4" × 4'

28. Tubular Anodes MMO Tubular anodes are titanium tubes with a mixed metal oxide coating. Anode string is comprised of electrical cable threaded through one or more tubular anodes. Electrical connection between the anode and cable is via a mechanical crimping process. The crimp connection is likewise utilized to seal the anode around the cable at both ends. َApplication: Groundbeds Deep, shallow, horizontal, Open hole Marine Sea water, Brackish water, Mud Fresh Water

29. String Tubular Anodes • String Anodes • Single Tail • Double Tail 1. Double Insulated Copper Cable. 2. Rubber End Cap (1st Seal). 3. Cast Resin (2nd Seal). 4. Heat Shrink (3rd Seal). 5. Titanium Insert forced into tube to ensure good electrical contact with the tube. 6. Swaged section of Titanium tube to ensure good electrical contact with the Insert. 7. Titanium Insert crimped over Copper Cable. 8. MO coated Titanium Tube

30. Wire Anodes • Applications • Canistered Anodes • Continuous Horizontal Groundbeds • Discontinuous Horizontal Groundbeds • Shallow Vertical Groundbeds • Above Ground Storage Tanks • Underground Storage Tanks • Natural Water • Electrical Cable Shielding • Water Storage Tanks • Water Treatment Equipment Resistivity vs. Length

31. Canister Wire Anodes • Lightweight • Easy to Handle and Install • Reduces Excavation and Drilling Costs

32. Disk Anodes Disk Anode was developed specifically for the rigors of cathodicallyprotecting dam and navigation lock gates. The active element in Disk Anode is a 6" diameter x 1/2" thick titanium disk with a mixed metal oxide coating. The mixed metal oxide coated disk is secured into a 12" diameter x 1/2" thick dielectric shield made of a durable, chlorine resistant, molded FRP-vinyl ester. This FRP shield has been designed to resist damage from floating debris and ice, as well as serving to enhance the current throwing capability of the disk. The shield also minimizes excessive current damage to the coating on surrounding steel.

33. Anode Mesh Titanium Anode Mesh is a key component for Cathodic Protection systems in reinforced concrete structures. It is composed of a precious metal oxide catalyst sintered to an expanded titanium mesh substrate. Applications Reinforced Concrete

34. Anode Mesh - Application 1. Differences in chloride ion concentration establish differences in electrical potential. 2. Macro-cell corrosion through concrete patching. 3. Corrosion-induced cracking of the concrete. 4. Schematic of impressed current CP system.

35. Anode Mesh - Application 2 1 4 3

36. Anode Accessories - Ventralizer Features: Light weight Easy to handle Reduces excavation and drilling costs • Benefits: • Saves money by reducing the installation time • Centers and in groundbed • Maintains proper spacing between anode and vent pipe • Increasing lifetime by ensuring backfill coverage on total anode surface • Solid, sturdy construction prevents bending or breakage during installation.

37. Anode Accessories Canister Anodes Centralizer Anode Cap

38. Anode Accessories – PVC Casing The installation of The specified casing is selected by considering the external pressure loading which is caused by geological formation, the depth of groundbed, the ratio of borehole diameter to casing diameter and the position of dynamic water level. Perforated casings are provided with slots which run perpendicular to pipe axis, thus resulting in a minor decrease of collapse resistance as compared with pipes having longitudinal slots. The perforated (open) area covers minimum 20 % surface of the casing around anodes.

39. Anode Accessories – Groundbed Head Structure