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Introduction to Psychology

Introduction to Psychology. Class 8: Neuroscience 1 Myers: 38-51 June 22, 2006. Biological Psychology. A branch of psychology that concerns itself with the links between biology and behavior.

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Introduction to Psychology

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  1. Introduction to Psychology Class 8: Neuroscience 1 Myers: 38-51 June 22, 2006

  2. Biological Psychology • A branch of psychology that concerns itself with the links between biology and behavior. • Other terms: Behavioral neuroscientist, neuropsychologist, physiological/bio-psychologist, behavioral endocrinologist etc.

  3. Origins of brain-mind connection • Phrenology (1800) • bumps on skull could reveal mental abilities • Phineas Gage (1848) • Iron rod through skull. Changes in personality • 1990’s decade of the brain: fMRI, PET

  4. The Neuron • PartsDendrites, Body, Axon Hillock, Axon, Myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, Terminal branches, Terminal Buttons, Synaptic cleft • ConceptsAction Potential, Type of signals, Threshold stimulus, All-or-None response

  5. Action Potential • Resting Potential (-70mv) • Depolarization (-50mv threshold) • Action potential • Repolarization (back to neg charge) • Hyperpolarizaton

  6. The Synapse • Cajal • Sherrington • NT • Reuptake • Agonists and antagonists

  7. Neurotransmitters

  8. Overview • NERVOUS SYSTEM 3 types of neurons

  9. Types of Neurons • SENSORY/AFFERENT From the organ to the spinal cord (and brain) • MOTOR/EFFERENT From the spinal cord (and brain) to the organ • INTERNEURONS In between

  10. Autonomic Nervous System(Sympathetic & Parasympathetic) • Internal functioning • E.g., Heartbeat, digestion, • Sympathetic: Fight or flight (adrenalin) • Parasympathetic: Resting and digesting (Back to baseline) (acetylcholine)

  11. The Spinal Cord • The Reflexpathway • Pain reflex • Quadri/Paraplegia Bilateral and depends on level of lesion in the spinal cord • Hemiplegia Unilateral and depends on the location of lesion in brain. Usually caused by stroke.

  12. The Brain • Evolutionarily evolved • Brainstem • Limbic System • Cortex

  13. Brainstem • Medulla • Basic life functions • Reticular Formation • Alertness arousal (anesthetics)

  14. Cerebellum • Cerebellum • Fine motor movements

  15. Thalamus • Atop brainstem • Sensory Relay station • All 5 senses except for smell

  16. Limbic System(all bilateral) • Amygdala • Aggression and fear; processing emotional memories • Hypothalamus • Hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual behavior • Controls pituitary gland (master gland) which produced hormones • Olds and Milner – pleasure centers • Hippocampus • Memory consolidation (HM, memento)

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