Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece

1. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133 B.C.) Lesson 4 Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece

2. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133 B.C.) Lesson 4 Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece Learning Objectives • Explain how Alexander the Great built an extensive empire. • Describe the empire’s cultural impact. • Identify major Hellenic Greek scientists and their discoveries and innovations.

3. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133 B.C.) Lesson 4 Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece Key Terms • Alexander the Great. • Philip II • Assassination • assimilated, • Alexandria, • Pythagoras • heliocentric, • Archimedes • Hippocrates

4. The New Era of Alexander the Great In 338 B.C., Athens fell to the Macedonian army. Athens and the other Greek city-states lost their independence. Yet the disaster ushered in a new age in which Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to the borders of India. The architect of this new era was the man who would eventually become known to history as Alexander the Great.

5. The New Era of Alexander the Great • Philip II Takes Control of Greece • Alexander Conquers Persia • The March into India • The Early Death of Alexander

6. The New Era of Alexander the Great Philip II of Macedonia, depicted as a youth by an artist centuries later, saw his brothers fail to control local princes, prevent interference by Thebes, or fight off an Illyrian invasion.

7. The New Era of Alexander the Great Analyze Maps Alexander the Great’s ambitions led him to conquer lands across a vast area. Judging from this map, do you think his empire would be difficult to keep united? Explain your reasoning.

8. Alexander’s Legacy Although Alexander’s empire soon crumbled following his premature death, he had unleashed changes that would ripple across the Mediterranean world and the Middle East for centuries. His most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek culture.

9. Alexander’s Legacy • Cultures Blend • Alexandria: The Cultural Capital • Women Take New Roles

10. Alexander’s Legacy This stone standing bodhisattva from the 300s B.C. in the Gandharan region (in today’s Pakistan and Afghanistan) displays Greek influence in its face, physique, and flowing robe.

11. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences The cities of the Hellenistic world employed armies of architects and artists. Temples, palaces, and other public buildings were much larger and grander than the buildings of classical Greece. The elaborate new style reflected the desire of Hellenistic rulers to glorify themselves as godlike.

12. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences • New Philosophies Emerge • Math and Astronomy Advance • Medical Practice Improves • A Remarkable Legacy

13. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences Born on the island of Cyprus, Zeno the Stoic (c. 335 B.C.–c. 263 B.C.), studied philosophy in Athens. The ideas he taught at the stoa, or colonnade, in the marketplace became the basis of Stoicism.

14. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences Ancient Greece’s legacy has been as broad as it is deep, including major concepts, institutions, and inventions in government, culture, the arts, mathematics, the sciences, and technology.

15. Quiz: The New Era of Alexander the Great Why was Alexander the Great able to conquer the Persian empire? A. Alexander and Philip II had huge armies. B. It was devastated by a major earthquake. C. Darius III was unprepared for an attack from former allies. D. It was declining due to weak leadership.

16. Quiz: Alexander’s Legacy Alexander encouraged the blending of cultures by A. making his capital in Persia. B. adopting Persian customs. C. setting up colonies in Persia. D. taking up Persian religion.

17. Quiz: Hellenistic Arts and Sciences Which Hellenistic scientist made practical inventions by applying principles of physics? A. Pythagoras B. Hippocrates C. Aristarchus D. Archimedes