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KEMISKINAN & KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN

KEMISKINAN & KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN. Irwan Suriadi. Data kemiskinan di indonesia. Jumlah & persentase penduduk miskin. SIKLUS KEMISKINAN (POVERTY LIFECYCLES). Definisi Kemiskinan. Kemiskinan merupakan ketidakmampuan untuk memenuhi standar hidup minimum.

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KEMISKINAN & KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN

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  1. KEMISKINAN & KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN IrwanSuriadi

  2. Data kemiskinan di indonesia

  3. Jumlah & persentase penduduk miskin

  4. SIKLUS KEMISKINAN (POVERTY LIFECYCLES)

  5. Definisi Kemiskinan • Kemiskinan merupakan ketidakmampuan untuk memenuhi standar hidup minimum. Kemiskinan ada 2 bagian: 1. Kemiskinan absolut (jumlah penduduk yg hidup dibawah garis kemiskinan yg tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya) 2. Kemiskinan relatif (pendapatan nasional yg diterima oleh masing2 Gol Pendapatan)

  6. Ukuran Kemiskinan * Kemiskinanbiasanyadilihatdarigaris kemiskinan yang didasarkan Padakonsumsiindividu. * Gariskemiskinanmenghitungpengeluaran Yang diperlukanuntukmembelistandar gizi minimum dankebutuhan Dasar(makananpokok)

  7. Indikator kemiskinan di Indonesia BPS mengukurkemiskinandengan 2 cara : 1. PendekatanKebutuhandasar (basic needs approach), pendekataninimengukurkemiskinanmelaluiketidakmampuanseseoranguntukmemenuhikebutuhandasar/makananygdipatok 2.100 kaloriperhari. 2. Head Count Index, mengukurkemiskinan dg menggunakannilai rupiah dg pendapatan Minimal $ 2 Per hari

  8. Penyebab kemiskinan • Terlalumenggantungkandiripadasektorpertanian dg produksiygmasihtradisional • Kepemilikansumberdayaygtidaksamaygmenimbulkandistribusipendapatanygtimpang • PerbedaankualitasSumberdayamanusia • Perbedaanterhadapakses modal

  9. SOLUSI • Mobilisasitenagakerjapedesaanygbelumdidayagunakan • Menyusunkerangkalembagapedesaan • Transfer sumberdayapertaniankeindustri • Pertanian dg teknologi

  10. Measuring Inequality and PovertySumber : Todaro & Smith, Economic Development, ed.10, 2009 • Measuring Inequality • Lorenz curves • Gini coefficients

  11. Figure 5.1 The Lorenz Curve

  12. Figure 5.2 The Greater the Curvature of the Lorenz Line, the Greater the Relative Degree of Inequality

  13. Figure 5.3 Estimating the Gini Coefficient • Koefisiengini : ukuranketimpanganagregatygangkanyaberkisardari 0-1 • Ketimpangantinggi 0,5-0,7 • Ketimpanganrendah 0,2-0,35

  14. Figure 5.4 Four Possible Lorenz Curves

  15. Measuring Inequality and Poverty • Measuring Absolute Poverty • Headcount Index • Total poverty gap • Where Yp is the absolute poverty line • Yi is income of person I

  16. Figure 5.6 Measuring the Total Poverty Gap

  17. Measuring Inequality and Poverty • Measuring Absolute Poverty • Average poverty gap • Where H is number of persons • TPG is total poverty gap

  18. Measuring Inequality and Poverty: • Measuring Absolute Poverty • The Human Poverty Index (HPI)

  19. Absolute Poverty: Extent and Magnitude • Growth and poverty • Impact on per capita growth • Limited saving and investment by rich in poor countries • Impact on productivity • Lack of home demand • Incentives for public participation in the development process

  20. The Range of Policy Options: Some Basic Considerations • Areas of intervention • Altering the functional distribution • Mitigating the size distribution • Moderating (reducing) the size distribution at upper levels • Moderating (increasing) the size distribution at lower levels

  21. The Range of Policy Options: Some Basic Considerations • Policy options • Changing relative factor prices • Progressive redistribution of asset ownership • Progressive taxation • Transfer payments and public provision of goods and services

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