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Excretion: The Process of Waste Disposal in Organisms

This article explores the importance of excretion in maintaining cellular and metabolic balance, as well as the various end products and organs involved. It also discusses common disorders of the excretory system and their treatment.

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Excretion: The Process of Waste Disposal in Organisms

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  1. Excretion Topic: Aim: Why is the process of excretion necessary? 1. Name this process. Do Now: Copy 2. Name the end products (hint there are three). 3. Why are these end products?

  2. Excretion The process of releasing metabolic cellular wastes from an organism. Exampls of cellular wastes • water • perspiration • urine • carbon dioxide

  3. What is it…..Excretion or Egestion? It's "PooPrints."  So you live in an apartment complex with a doggie doo-doo problem?  No worries!  Have all the dogs swabbed and their DNA put in a data bank.  Then if you find an unwanted present on your lawn, simply collect a sample using the " small spatula and Proprietary Collection Solution in a leak-proof container."  Mail in the offending waste and in 5-10 days you'll know which dog did the deed! Excretion - material NOT used within the cell. Nitrogenous wastes Egestion- material NOT used in digestive system Solid wastes (feces)

  4. WHAT ARE NITROGENOUS WASTES? ANY COMPOUND OR MIXTURE THAT CONTAINS NITROGEN. FORMED FROM THE BREAKING DOWN OF Proteins into AMINO ACIDS

  5. THREE KINDS OF NITROGENOUS WASTES: • AMMONIA • UREA • URIC ACID

  6. Why is excretion necessary? In order for cells to stay alive, they must continually intake and output water….maintain water balance The cells must also export molecules because they would continue to get bigger and bigger if they only took in molecules cells need to dispose waste products of cellular metabolism that are toxic

  7. Kidneys How are humans adapted for excretion? Urinary system Lungs Respiratory system Which body systems do these organs belong to? Skin Integumentary system Liver Digestive system

  8. TWO bean shaped organs Kidneys • Located in the back of the abdomen, near the bottom ribs • Organ responsible for filtration of wastes out of the blood

  9. ROLE OF THE LUNGS in excretion? Excrete the wastes from RESPIRATION: CO2 H20

  10. What is the role of the LIVER in excretion? THE ORGAN RESPONSIBLE FOR DETOXIFYING THE BLOOD IT TAKESTOXINSOUT OF BLOOD.

  11. Breakdown of worn out Red Blood Cells • Deamination: breakdown of proteins into amino acids; process used to get rid of excess amino acids

  12. How is the urinary system adapted for excretion? Aim:

  13. DO NOW: Using your knowledge of biology What does this picture mean to you? video

  14. Flow of Urine through the Urinary System 1 2 3 4

  15. URETERS Tubes that are connected to the kidneys and the urinary bladder Responsible for transporting urine

  16. Urinary Bladder A muscular organ that is connected to the urethra and the ureters Responsible for storage of urine until elimination

  17. Urethra A tube connected to the urinary bladder and in direct contact with the environment Responsible for elimination of urine

  18. HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM RENAL ARTERY & VEIN Renal pelvis MEDULLA CORTEX URETHRA BLADDER URETHRA

  19. Kidney diagram

  20. How do nephrons assist in filtration? video

  21. NEPHRONS is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filteringthe blood, and reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine

  22. NEPHRONS

  23. Function of the kidneys Filtration When water, salts, urea, glucose, amino acids diffuse out of the blood stream into the nephrons of the kidneys

  24. How does the blood enter and leave the kidneys? “Renal” Artery To the kidney “Renal” Vein From the kidney

  25. Reabsorption When some materials like glucose may be reabsorbed into the capillaries

  26. URINE What is left after reabsorption occurs? Urine is Composed of water, urea and salts

  27. AIM: What happens when the excretory system malfunctions? • Complete handout!!!! Do NOW:

  28. Excretory System Disorders • Jaundice: Metabolic waste of bile are reabsorbed by blood (while bile is not secreted properly, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes.) Treatment:phototherapy, antibiotics

  29. 2. Gout: Uric acid deposits in joints. Cause: Rich diet of purines (high protein) and excessive drinking

  30. Treatment of gout • Ice, rest and medications: steroid injection and/or an anti inflammatory

  31. Excretory System Disorders 2. Kidney Stones: Various substances crystallize out of urine into urinary tract or kidney and do not pass through urethra.

  32. Treatment of kidney stones • Drink water, Urination and in severe cases surgery.

  33. 3. Kidney Failure: Inability of kidney to filtrate and absorb nutrients properly. Excess waste and fluids build up in the body- death occurs if not treated.

  34. DIALYSIS • Dialysis acts as an artificial kidney. There are two types of treatment: hemodialysis and peritoneal (sac around the abdominal organs) dialysis. • About90 percent of dialysis patients receive hemodialysis: the blood is circulated outside the body and cleaned inside a machine before returning to the patient.

  35. What is this? LIVER

  36. What’s wrong with these livers? CIRRHOSIS

  37. Excretory System Disorders 4. CIRRHOSIS: is scarring of the liver and poor liver function as a result of chronic liver disease. Causes: excessive DRINKING of ALCOHOL, chronic inflammation, poisons and heart disease Treatment: Cure? None! But Prolong life and offer quality of life with medication

  38. Normal Kidney

  39. “Chronic Glomerulonephritis". Seen here are atrophic kidneys with a thin cortex from a patient at autopsy with chronic renal failure (CRF).

  40. Review This diagram best illustrates active transport maintenance of homeostasis synthesis of nutrients differentiation

  41. Which system is correctly paired with its function? immune system—intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body digestive system—transport energy-rich molecules to cells circulatory system—produce building blocks of complex compounds

  42. Which body system is correctly paired with its function? excretory — produces antibodies to fight disease-causing organisms digestive — produces hormones for storage and insulation circulatory — transports materials for energy release in body cells respiratory — collects waste material for digestion

  43. The arrows in the diagram below indicate the movement of materials into and out of a single-celled organism. The movements indicated by all the arrows are directly involved in the maintenance of homeostasis respiration, only excretion, only the digestion of proteins

  44. The energy an organism requires to transport materials and eliminate wastes is obtained directly from DNA starch hormones ATP

  45. The diagram represents a microscopic view of a functional unit of a kidney. In a kidney, which blood component would not usually pass through the membranes from region A to region B? red blood cells mineral salts urea water

  46. What is a major function of the blood vessel represented in the diagram below? releasing carbon dioxide into the sweat gland transporting oxygen away from the sweat gland transporting wastes to the sweat gland filtering starch out of the sweat gland

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