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Self-employment between two worlds. Migrants’ economic transnationalism

Self-employment between two worlds. Migrants’ economic transnationalism. Maurizio Ambrosini, University of Milano. Economic transnationalism. A form of “ globalization from below ”? A new phenomenon ? The antecedents : diasporas and middleman minorities

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Self-employment between two worlds. Migrants’ economic transnationalism

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  1. Self-employment between two worlds. Migrants’ economic transnationalism Maurizio Ambrosini, Universityof Milano

  2. Economictransnationalism • A formof “globalizationfrombelow”? • A newphenomenon? • The antecedents: diasporas and middlemanminorities • The background: self-employmentofmigrantsasanemerging trend in alldevelopedcountries • Diversification and stratificationofmigrants’ activities

  3. Migrants’ % on total self employment in some countries (OECD, 2006)

  4. A typology of different forms of transnational economic activities • Circulatory transnationalism • Connective transnationalism • Commercial transnationalism • Symbolic transnationalism • an intensity scale of the involvement in transnational activities and links: from circulatory transnationalismto symbolic transnationalism

  5. A case of circulatory transnationalism: couriers along East routes • An ethnographicstudy in Milano (station ofCascina Gobba) • The clients: transnationalfamilies and mothering at a distance • The objects: the giftssymbolizing the absent: help, functional, showymeaning • The economic side: smallisefficient • Notonlyinformality: differentlevelsoforganizationof the activity in differentnationalgroups • The creationof a weekly market

  6. Between commercial and symbolictransnationalism: “ethnic” shops and activities in Milan and Genoa • analysis of 52 cases, 32 in Genoa and 20 in Milan • The difficulty to separate traded goods from their symbolic content • The clients: natives and migrants • The stratification: from informal (and also illegal) activities, to luxury goods for elite clients • The complex trips of the traded goods • The local context matters: differences between Milan and Genoa

  7. A case ofcontrastedtrasnationalism • Phonecentersrapidlygrew and the declined in Italiantowns, aboveall in ethnicdistricts • Theyhavebecome the objectofstrictregulations (regionallaw in Lombardy, localrules in Turin) and inspections • Fearsofcoveringterrorism, launderingmoney, or simplydisturbing the natives: gatheringofstrangersaround the shops, also in the evening

  8. Conclusion: the ants of globalization • a privileged viewpoint in order to observe a world on the move: the actors of the space-time compression • The mobility of people, the mobility of imagination • A wide range of actors and activities • A contribution to make more clear the meaning of “transnationalism”

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