Human Papillomavirus (HPV) What is HPV?

1. Preventing HPV-Caused Cancers and Genital Warts Breana Coon and Jodi ZiembaIthaca College – M.S. Health Education Candidates • Reduce Your Risk of Contracting HPV • Get Vaccinated • CDC recommends girls and women aged 9-26 to receive Gardasil or Cervarix1 • No serious health concerns are associated with vaccination • Benefit • Nearly 100% effective of preventing HPV-related diseases • Most effective before first sexual encounter • Accessibility • Covered by most insurance companies • Reduced-price or free services are available through • Government funded programs • State or County health centers • Planned Parenthood clinics • Participate in Screenings • CDC recommends pap smears for women after first sexual encounter or at age 21.1 • Routinely every two years • Annually after abnormal results • Pap smears can detect precancerous cells on the cervix.10 • Abnormal results will cause more testing that will determine HPV status • Benefit • Early detection of cervical cancer will increase likelihood of survival • HPV can reside in the body for months or years without symptoms • Non-symptomatic cases can be found through screening • Accessibility • Covered by most insurance companies • Reduced-price or free services are provided by • Planned Parenthood clinics • College health centers • Free community clinics • Literature cited • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Retrieved from: www.cdc.gov. • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Human Papillomavirus—Prevalence of high-risk and low-risk types among females aged 14–59 years, national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003–2004. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats09/figures/48.htm. • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Genital warts – Initial visits to physician’s offices, United States. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats09/figures/49.htm. • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Estimated vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13 through 17 years. Retrieved from: http:www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6033a1.htm. • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Youth risk behavior surveillance system. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm. • Chaturvedi, A.K., Engels, E.A., Pfeiffer, R.M., Hernandez, B.Y., Xiao, W., … Gillison, M.L. (2011). Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. Journal of Clinical Oncology. Retrieved from: http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2011/10/03/JCO.2011.36.4596. • The Kinsey Institute (2011). Contraception. Retrieved from: http://www.iub.edu/~kinsey/resources/images/condomgraphic.jpg. • National Caner Institute (2011). Human papillomaviruses and cancer. Retrieved from: www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV. • National Institutes of Health (2011). HPV-linked oral cancers on the rise, study finds. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/ fullstory_117122.html. • Planned Parenthood (2011). Retrieved from: www.plannedparenthood.org. • Kaiser Family Foundation (2010). Number of nonelderly uninsured Americans, 2000-2009. Retrieved from: http://facts.kff.org/chart.aspx?ch=1851. • For further information • To seek further information online, please see the CDC or Planned Parenthood websites. To find additional information in your community, please contact the local health department, local hospital, local college health center, or local free clinic. Also, see the available resource page. • Collision of Trends Causing Rise in HPV • Low compliance with HPV vaccine • Of girls that began the HPV vaccine series, 30% did not receive all three doses1 • For the vaccine to prevent HPV, all three doses must be received • HPV vaccine rates are low due to political influence and fear of vaccines in general • Decrease in condom use – Increase in number of sex partners • As individuals age, generally there is an increase in number of sexual partners • Condom use is often not consistent or incorrect • There has been a decline in condom use in African American and Hispanic youth5 • Figure 4 portrays reduced condom use from adolescents through older adulthood • Increased number of individuals under- and un-insured • Lack of access to health care is a rising concern • Both screening and vaccinating for HPV are costly - $390 for full vaccine series1 • Access to health care is limited in some communities • Lack of free clinics • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • What is HPV? • HPV is a sexually transmitted disease that is spread through • skin-to-skin contact, usually during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. • HPV often presents without symptoms and most infections • go away on their own. However, some types of HPV can • increase your risk for serious health problems.10 • How severe is HPV? • HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection • 50% of men and 75% of women are infected with HPV at some point during their lives • HPV can increase an individual’s risk of genital warts, cervical cancer, and oral cancer • There is no cure for HPV – prevention is key • Who does HPV affect? • Any sexually active individual is at risk for contracting HPV. Women aged 20-24 have increased prevalence of HPV and fall in the recommended vaccination age range of 9-26 years of age.2 • HPV and Related Diseases are on the Rise • Genital Warts • Cases of genital warts have increased since 1966 • All cases of genital warts are caused by one of two types of HPV – type 6 and 111 • Cervical Cancer • There are about 11,000 new cases of cervical cancer per year in the U.S.1 • Over 70% of cases are caused by one of two types of HPV – type 16 and 181 • Oral Cancer • Rates of HPV-caused Oral cancer have significantly increased over the last two decades from 16.3% in 1984 to 72% in 20046,9 • About 60% of cases are caused by HPV– type 166,8 Image 1. Oral HPV Figure 3. Estimated vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13 through 17 years4 • Practice Safer Sex • Limit number of sex partners • Use condoms and dental dams • Benefit • Correct and consistent use of condoms can reduce risk of HPV10 • Accessibility • Free condoms are available at most college health centers and Planned Parenthood clinics Figure 4. Condom Use Rates by Age and Gender7 Figure 1. Physician Visits for Genital Warts There has been a significant increase in Genital Warts during the last 10 years3 Figure 5. Increase in Number of Nonelderly Uninsured Americans11 Figure 2. HPV-Caused Oral Cancer. There has been a significant increase in HPV-caused oral cancer9