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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Ex. 1. Complex Substituents. IUPAC Name. Draw the structure and give the molecular formula for each of the following compounds. 1 . t -butyl-cyclohexane. 2. 1,1-dimethyl-3-(1,1,3-tri-methyl-butyl)-cyclooctane. Part1 : Isomer and Reaction of Alkanes. Sharpes of alkanes.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry

  2. Ex. 1 Complex Substituents IUPAC Name

  3. Draw the structure and give the molecular formula for each of the following compounds. 1.t-butyl-cyclohexane 2. 1,1-dimethyl-3-(1,1,3-tri-methyl-butyl)-cyclooctane

  4. Part1 : Isomer and Reaction of Alkanes

  5. Sharpes of alkanes • sp3-Hybridization C4H10 -Long-chain Isomers -Branched-chain

  6. Isomers • Same formula • Different structure • Different molecule with different properties – must have a different name! Isomersare different compounds with the same molecular formula.

  7. All Isomers Constitutional isomers (Structural isomers) Stereo isomers Diastereomers Enantiomers Cis-trans isomers (Geometric isomers) Other diastereomers (two or more chirality centers) Types of Isomers

  8. Positional Isomerism Skeletal Isomerism or Chain Isomerism Functional Isomerism Isomersare different compounds with the same molecular formula. Constitutional isomers Constitutional isomers (Structural isomers) are isomers that differ in the order in which atoms are boned together. Structural isomers

  9. Skeletal Isomerism (Chain Isomerism) orPositional Isomerism Isomer of C4H10

  10. Isomer of C4H8

  11. Functional Isomerism

  12. Isomer C5H12

  13. C6H14

  14. C7H16

  15. Number of alkane isomers

  16. Stereoisomers Stereoisomers are isomers that differ only in the orientation of atoms in space. -Geometrical Isomers (cis-trans isomers) -Optical Isomers

  17. Polarimetry Optical Isomers (s)-(+)- Cycloartenol

  18. All Isomers Constitutional isomers (Structural isomers) Stereo isomers Diastereomers Enantiomers Cis-trans isomers (Geometric isomers) Other diastereomers (two or more chirality centers) Types of Isomers

  19. Enantiomers

  20. Enantiomersare mirror-image isomers. R = RECTUS, UPRIGHT S = SINISTER, LEFT

  21. Geometrical Isomers (cis-trans isomers) trans cis

  22. Cis : Having similar group on the same side of a double bond or a ring. trans : Having similar group on opposite side of a double bond or a ring. Z : Having the higher-priority groups on the same side of a double bond or a ring. E : Having the higher-priority groups on opposite side of a double bond or a ring. trans Cis Cis trans

  23. Physical Properties of Alkanes -Solubilities -Desities

  24. Physical Properties of Alkanes

  25. Boiling Points of Alkanes

  26. Boiling Points of Alkanes Intermolecular forces -Dipole-dipole -Van der Waals forces -Hydrogen bond -Surface area -Van der Waals attractions

  27. bp Structure Boiling Points of Alkanes

  28. WHY ???

  29. -Desities d  C

  30. Sources

  31. CH4 + O2 C5H12 + O2 Reactions of Alkanes Combustion reaction

  32. Substitution reaction -Halogenation reaction Heat or light

  33. Mechanism of Halogenation reaction A radical mechanism 3 step -step 1 Chain Initiation -step 2 Chain Propagration -step 3 Chain Termination

  34. Chlororination of Methane step 1 Chain Initiation Mech… step 2 Chain Propagration Mech…

  35. step 3 Chain Termination

  36. Cl2 CH3CH2CH3 Light, 25 oC EX 1.

  37. LOW High Radicals (or free racdicals) are reactive intermediateds that have an unpaired electron. The relative stability of alkyl radical is as follows :

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