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Understanding Ocean Salinity and Desalination Technologies

The ocean is about three times as salty as human blood, primarily due to the water cycle where only water evaporates, leaving salt behind. Humans cannot drink salt water, as excessive salt intake leads to dehydration and severe health issues, including kidney failure. To combat water scarcity, over 13,000 desalination plants worldwide produce more than 12 billion gallons of fresh water daily. However, desalination raises environmental concerns, including brine disposal and energy consumption, as the market for this technology continues to grow at an estimated 9.5% CAGR over the next decade.

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Understanding Ocean Salinity and Desalination Technologies

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  1. Water Facts

  2. Ocean water is about 3X as salty as human blood brackish water salt water

  3. Why is the ocean salty? water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle Water is evaporated from the ocean surface but the salt is too heavy to be evaporated and remains in the sea.

  4. Why can’t humans drink salt water? • Too much salt sends your metabolism into crisis. • From every cell, water molecules rush off like so many voluntary firemen to try to dilute and carry off the sudden intake of salt. • Cells become dehydrated (short of the water they need to carry out their normal functions • May lead to seizures, unconsciousness, and brain damage). • Overworked blood cells carry the salt to the kidneys, which eventually become overwhelmed and shut down. • Without functioning kidneys you die.

  5. Worldwide Desalination • Over 13,000 desalination plants worldwide • Producing more than 12 billion gallons of water a day. • Only 0.2 percent of global water consumption • Desalination market is expected to expand 9.5% CPGR next 10 years. • Source: http://globalwarmingisreal.com/2011/03/23/are-desalination-technologies-the-answer-to-the-world-water-crisis/

  6. Popular Desalination Methods Reverse Osmosis Multi-Stage Distillation Ion ConcentrationPolarization

  7. Desalination Costs Source: American Membrane Technology Associationhttp://globalwarmingisreal.com/2011/03/23/are-desalination-technologies-the-answer-to-the-world-water-crisis/

  8. Environmental Concerns About Desalination • Ecological effects resulting from the disposal of brine from the desalination process; • Entrainment of aquatic species in and around the desalination facility intake; and • Enormous energy requirements

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