arden
Uploaded by
11 SLIDES
253 VUES
110LIKES

Crop Structure and Development

DESCRIPTION

This guide outlines the essential structures and developmental stages of small grain crops in Montana, focusing on roots, culms, leaves, and heads. It details the role of seminal and crown roots, the importance of leaves for photosynthesis, and the critical growth phases including germination, tillering, jointing, heading, and flowering. Understanding the growth degree days, tillering factors, and how environmental conditions influence development is key for successful grain production. This resource is vital for farmers and agronomists in optimizing crop yields.

1 / 11

Télécharger la présentation

Crop Structure and Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Crop Structure and Development Montana Small Grain Guide

  2. Crop Structure • Roots: anchor plant, absorb water & nutrients • Seminal Roots: first to emerge from embryo, function throughout plant life • can have 3 to 6 seminal roots • Crown roots: originate from lower node of the main stem and tillers • each tiller has crown roots

  3. Crop Structure • Culms (stems): support for leaves and heads • one culm, plus additional tillers • divided into nodes and internodes • Leaves: photosynthesis • each node produces one leaf • Sheath: part of leaf wrapped around the stem • Blade: visible part of leaf

  4. Crop Structure • Collar: thickened part where blade joins collar • Ligule: protective tissue within sheath at the collar area • Auricles: appendages at the base of the leaf blade • Presence, size and shape of Ligules and Auricles used in plant identification

  5. Crop Structure • Flag Leaf: top leaf, stays green longest, may account for 80% of the filling of the grain • Heads: where seed is produced Wheat Head has several spikelets that contain 2-6 florets (usually only 2-3 produce seed) Barley Head has 3 spikelets 6-row barley: each spikelet has one fertile floret 2-row barley: only center spikelet has a fertile floret

  6. Crop Development • Growing Degree Days: average of minimum and maximum daily temps. Minus base temp (37 deg. F) • ex: temps = 40 and 58 • avg. = 98 / 2 = 49 • 49 - 37 = 12 GDD • Emergence usually 50% complete at 85-100 GDD

  7. Crop Development • Tillering begins at the 3 leaf stage • Ideal conditions, new tillers formed at the formation of each new leaf after 3 leaf stage • Stress will cause plant to skip some tillers • Germination: 35 - 40% soil moisture • min temp 34-36 degrees • optimum temp 59-65 degrees • max temp 95-104 degrees

  8. Tillering • May start 7 days after emergence • Factors affecting tillering: large seed size, high soil fertility, physical condition of soil, optimum soil temp, optimum water content, relatively low density of plants • 2-6 tillers per plant common • Tillering stage lasts about 4 weeks

  9. Jointing Stage • Follows tillering, rapid growth period (boot stage, shooting) • stems and leaf sheaths elongate rapidly • Lowest internode lengthens first followed by next highest etc.

  10. Heading • “Boot” as the head grows, it enlarges the sheath of the flag leaf • Main stem develops first, followed by tillers in order of origin • Uppermost stem continues to lengthen until head is above flag leaf • Flowering begins a few days after head emerges • Ripening 25-40 days

More Related