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Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Alzheimer’s Disease. Avi Gandhi (2009). Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Background.

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Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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  1. Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Alzheimer’s Disease Avi Gandhi(2009)

  2. Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

  3. Background • It is the progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. • It causes a steady loss of memory, speech, thinking, and carrying on daily activities. • As a person becomes older the risk for developing Alzheimer’s increases. • Annual cost can be over $50,000 • Affects over 26.6 million people worldwide

  4. Symptoms • Memory loss • confused about time and place • changes in personality and mood • trouble speaking and accomplishing tasks

  5. 7 Stages • No impairment • very mild cognitive decline • mild cognitive decline • moderate cognitive decline • moderately severe cognitive decline • severe cognitive decline • very severe cognitive decline

  6. Anatomical Changes • Neurofibrillary tangles • loss of neuronal synapse • dead or dying nerve cells • formation of plaques

  7. Treatment • Acetylcholine esterase inhibiters • Rivastigmine • Galantamine • Donepezil • NMDA receptor antagonist • Memantine

  8. Side Effects • nausea • vomiting • loss of appetite • headache • confusion • constipation(memantine)

  9. Behavioral Drugs • Antidepressants • Peroxeine • Fluxetine • Anxiolytics • Lorazepam • Antipsychotic • Clozapine • Haloperidol

  10. Clinical Trials • “Alzheimer’s in Long-Term Care--Treatment for Agitation” • “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Early Dementia” • “Nefiracetam in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease”

  11. Sources • www.wikipedia.com • Harrison’s Internal Medicine • Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology • NextBio • Modern Pharmacology with Modern Clinical Applications • http://www.alz.org/index.asp

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