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PRC-Japan Relations

PRC-Japan Relations. Historical Legacies and Current Issues. Historical Legacies: I. Cultural influence in ancient times written characters architecture calendar . Historical Legacies: II. Similar experience of Western invasion in 19th century. Historical Legacies: III.

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PRC-Japan Relations

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  1. PRC-Japan Relations Historical Legacies and Current Issues

  2. Historical Legacies: I • Cultural influence in ancient times • written characters • architecture • calendar • ...

  3. Historical Legacies: II • Similar experience of Western invasion in 19th century

  4. Historical Legacies: III • Rise of Japan in late 19th century • Japan’s territorial gains from China • 1895: Taiwan • 1931: northeast China • 1937: north & east China • 1944: central China

  5. Rape of Nanking (1937) • Tillman Durdin of the New York Times: • ``… to get to the gate I had to just climb over masses of bodies accumulated there … one of the great atrocities of modern times.” • Christian missionary, John Magee: • ``… every prisoner they could find but also a vast number of ordinary citizens of all ages … were shot down”

  6. Peace Treaty with Japan • 1951, Peace Treaty with Japan was signed in San Francisco • neither PRC nor ROC was invited • 1952, Republic of China (Taiwan) signed Peace Treaty with Japan • ``state of war between the Republic of China and Japan is terminated”

  7. Contacts before 1972 • Sporadic, unofficial contacts between PRC and Japan before 1972

  8. Diplomatic Relation (1972) • Turning point: Nixon visited Beijing and Shanghai in February 1972 • Japan’s Prime Minister visited Beijing and signed Joint Communiqué in September • Diplomatic relations were established between Japan and P.R. China

  9. Joint Communiqué (1972) • Japan ``fully understands and respects” that ``Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China” • neither Party will seek regional hegemony • both shall oppose any attempt by any other country or group of countries to establish regional hegemony

  10. Peace Treaty (1978) • Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the People's Republic of China and Japan • Deng Xiaoping visited Japan

  11. War Reparations • 1951 Peace Treaty at San Francisco • John Foster Dulles sought to eliminate war reparations • feared that heavy reparations burdens would similarly cripple Japan as did Germany in 1919 • make it vulnerable to Communist domination • 1972, PRC government waived the claim of war reparations against Japan

  12. Japanese Loans to PRC • Official Development Assistance (ODA) • Japanese government loan • energy loans • Japanese free aid • trade surplus loans

  13. After Cold War • Relative rise of U.S. and China • Relative decline of Russia and Japan

  14. Current Status • Washington-Tokyo-Beijing triangle • PRC & Japan regard relationship with each other as 2nd in importance to that with US • Japan plays significant role in integrating PRC into world economy • Japan has a vital interest in PRC’s development and stability

  15. PRC’s Trade Partners 2012 • Japan is Mainland China’s third largest export destination and largest import source • Total trade volume: US$329 billion • 8.5% of Mainland China’s total foreign trade • Total imports from Japan: US$178 billion • 10% of Mainland China’s total imports

  16. PRC’s Trade Partners 2012

  17. Japan’s Trade Partners 2012 • Mainland China is Japan’s largest source of imports and largest export destination • Exports: China 18.1%, US 17.6%, S.K. 7.7% • Imports: China 21.3%, US 8.6%, Austra. 6.4% • PRC (including both Mainland China and Hong Kong) became Japan’s largest trade partner in 2004 • surpassing the US for the first time

  18. Japan’s Direct Investment • 2nd largest investment source • 31,855 projects • US$66.6 billion • 1 million employees

  19. Current Issues • Yasukuni Shrine • worship of Class-A war criminals of WWII • visits by Prime Ministers and high officials • Japan recognized its aggression against China for the first time in 1998 • Japanese history textbooks • minimize Japan’s aggression in Asia

  20. Other Issues • destruction of Japanese chemical weapons in China • a memorandum was signed in 1999 • Rape of Nanking • Japanese nationalist extremists claim that the rape of Nanking was a fabrication

  21. Territorial Dispute • Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands in East China Sea

  22. Lack of Understanding • China: • does Japan ignore or deny wartime atrocities? • may extremists revert Japan to militarism? • Japan: • is China a military threat? • mutually reinforcing misunderstandings • both need public relations efforts abroad

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