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Chapter 23

Chapter 23. Transoceanic Encounters & Global Connections. Ap World History Journal 12/21. What was the significance of the Manila Galleons? What navigational technologies were derived from Western Europe? Why was Vasca De Gama’s voyage important?. European Motives for Exploration.

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Chapter 23

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  1. Chapter 23 Transoceanic Encounters & Global Connections

  2. Ap World History Journal12/21 • What was the significance of the Manila Galleons? • What navigational technologies were derived from Western Europe? • Why was Vasca De Gama’s voyage important?

  3. European Motives for Exploration • Resource – Poor Portugal searched for fresh resources and lands for cultivation • Lure of trade without Muslim intermediaries • Desire to Spread Christianity( Both peaceful ways ex. Missionaries, and through conquest Reconquista,

  4. Technology of Exploration • Stern Post Rudder (Chinese) and triangular lateen sail made it possible to sail against the winds • Magnetic compass (China)- allowed sailors to determine direction • Astrolabe (Arabic Sailors)- allowed them to determine their latitude at sea • Cross Staff and back staff (European)- measures the angle of the sun or pole star to determine latitude. • Knowledge of the Volta do mar or “return through the sea”

  5. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

  6. New Weapons Technology

  7. Voyages of Exploration Vasca Da Gama (Portugal) • Reached India, brought back huge profits • Opened the doors to direct maritime trading between Europe & Asia

  8. Voyages of Exploration Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal) 1st person to circumnavigate the world 1519-1522 Only 35 of the original 280 survived Killed in the Philippines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpIx99cD-zE&feature=related

  9. Voyages of Exploration

  10. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c

  11. Christopher Columbus, Italian • Believed Earth was smaller • Estimated Japan approximately 2,500 miles west of Canaries (actually 10,000 miles) • Columbus Discovers New World • Italian explorer secured Spanish backing to find a westward route to India. • During Four voyages (1492-1503), Columbus “discovers” Americas (Caribbean & Latin America). • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvm8WA0Y2N4 Queen Isabella (left) and King Ferdinand supported the voyages of Columbus (left, above).

  12. The Man Who Found The New World Above: A sailing map made by Bartholomew & Christopher Columbus c. 1490. An 1893 depiction of Columbus landing in the Caribbean. Recreations of the Niña and La Pinta.

  13. Voyages of Exploration James Cook • Led 3 expeditions to Arctic, Pacific, Australia. Died in Hawaii • Helped geographers to get better understanding of the world • Killed in Hawaii

  14. Wind and current patterns in the world's oceans.

  15. European exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498.

  16. What was the Columbian Exchange • Columbian Exchange

  17. How did the Columbian Exchange impact the World?

  18. The “Columbian Exchange”

  19. World Population Growth, 1500-1800 CE

  20. European Empires in the Americas

  21. Why is the 7 Years War Important to World History? • It placed Britain in a position to dominate world trade for the next 150 years

  22. Analyze the Impact of Technology on the global trading networks from 1500-1800? • The astrolabe( Arabs) and cross staff( Europeans) helped to determine latitude @ sea • Magnetic compass (china) helped point them in the right direction • Stern Rudder- helped point the ship in the right sailing direction

  23. Who was Afonso De Albuquerque? • Architect of the aggressive Portuguese policy of making other people pay duties to use the Indian Ocean trade route • People who did not pay duties were punished severely

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