PSY 244 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY- I

1. PSY 244CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY- I BAHAR BAŞTUĞ Assist. Prof. Dr.

2. What Is Contemporary Clinical Psychology?

3. Lecture Preview • Definition • Perspective and Philosophy • Education and Training • Activities • Employment settings • Subspecialties • Organizations • How does clinical psychology differ from related fields?

4. Clinical psychology is a complex field that parallels the complexity of human behavior and emotion. We are defined by more than blood and tissue, emotions and ideas, or our relationships to others.

5. The case example: Carlos

6. Therefore clinical psychology is an integrative effort to understand the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

7. Modern clinical psychology must respond to contemporary questions that impact our lives. It is related to economics, technology, ethics, and popular culture.

8. Like medicine and other fields, the roots of clinical psychology are viewed as basic and narrowly considered. However, with scientific advancements and collaboration between various fields, contemporary clinical psychology supports an integration the models for treatment, assessment, consultation, and research.

9. Definition of clinical psychology Psychology is one of the most popular independent discipline. Clinical psychology is the most popular specialty area within psychology.

10. Definition of clinical psychology It can be defined as the assessment, treatment, and study of human behavior in the context of biological, psychological, and social factors.

11. Definition of clinical psychology Clinical psychology focuses on the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders. It focuses the ways that the human psyche interacts with physical, emotional, and social aspects of health and dysfunction.

12. Definition of clinical psychology According to the APA, clinical psychology uses the principles of psychology to better understand, predict, and improve “intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning”.

13. Definition of clinical psychology Clinical psychology is “the aspect of psychological science and practice concerned with the analysis, treatment, and prevention of human psychological disabilities and with the enhancing personal adjustment and effectiveness”.

14. Clinical psychologists “have a doctoral degree from an university providing a clinical psychology program in a department of psychology”, according to the APA.

15. Perspective and Philosophy Clinical psychology uses the scientific method to approach and understand human problems in behavior, emotions, thinking, relationships, and health.

16. Perspective and Philosophy Exact scientific inquiry is used to select and evaluate assessment and treatment. Treatment outcome research helps to determine which treatments might be most effective with particular clinical problems.

17. Clinical psychology is an artat the same time. Findings from scientific investigations must be applied to the unique and special needs of an individual. What might be helpful to one person may not be to another even if they are with the same diagnosis or problems. The photograph was taken in Rodin Museum, Paris by Bahar Baştuğ.

18. Biopsychosocial perspective Clinical psychology uses integrative approaches to understand problems in human behavior. Biopsychosocial factors are important. Problems in human behavior are multidimensional.

19. Biopsychosocial perspective The biopsychosocial perspectiveemphasizes the interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences on behavior and psychological functioning.

20. Biopsychosocial perspective The biopsychosocial approach is a systemic perspective. According to systemic perspective, changes in one area of functioning will impact functioning in other areas.

21. Education and Training Long and intensive training process The doctorate is the minimal educational requirement. Post-doctoral fellowship, advanced sertification • PhD (doctor of philosophy) • PsyD (doctor of psychology) • Week 14

22. Professional Activities • Research • Assessment • Treatment • Teaching • Consultation • Administration

23. Research Research is at the foundation of all clinical psychology activities. Clinical psychologists often conduct and publish a wide variety of research studies.

24. Research Research programsdetermine which assessment or treatment approach might be most effective for a particular disorder. Research identify the risks for the development of certain psychological problems or methods to better determine clinical diagnoses.

25. Research The clinical psychologists who are faculty members at universities or medical schools or work at their hospitals, clinics, and industry may conduct research on a wide range of subject areas, publish their findings in professional journals, and present their research at national and international conferences.

26. Research Clinical psychologists consume of research in order to inform new developments so that they improve their clinical activities.

27. Assessment Clinical psychologists use psychological tests to assess or diagnose various psychiatric (e.g., depression, psychosis, personality disorders, & dementia) and nonpsychiatric issues (e.g., relationship conflicts, learning differences, educational potential, career interests, & skills).

29. Assessment Clinical psychologists not only conduct psychological evaluations with individuals to assess intellectual, educational, personality, and neuropsychological functioning, but also assess groups of people (e.g., families) and organizations.

30. Assessment The components to psychological assessment are • cognitive, • personality, • behavioral, • neuropsychological, and • observational measures.

31. Assessment A neuropsychologist may evaluate an adolescent boy for temporal lobe epilepsy with impulsive behavior and aggression. In addition to neuroimaging techniques, investigation of developmental history, or environmental factors explain the behavioral manifestations of the temporal lobe epilepsy .

32. Treatment Psychotherapy may involve individuals, couples, families, and groups.

33. Treatment Anxiety, phobias, depression, shyness, physical illness, loss, trauma, drug addiction, eating difficulties, sexuality concerns, hallucinations, relationship problems, and work difficulties may activate individuals to seek psychological treatment.

34. Treatment Various treatment approaches and theoretical models are utilized to treat psychological and behavioral problems.

35. Treatment Most psychologists use an eclectic strategy. Eclectic strategy integrates a variety of perspectives and clinical approaches in their treatment. Others tend to specialize in one treatment approach, such as psychoanalysis, family therapy, humanistic/existential or CBT.

36. Treatment Empirically supported treatment approaches are manualized treatments. Cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy have been determined to be empirically supported treatments for both depression and bulimia, while exposure and response prevention have been found to be an empirically supported treatment for OCD.

37. Teaching Clinical psychologists teach in different settings. Some are full-time instructor undergraduate, graduate, and/ or postgraduate students in universities. They might teach by one-on-one clinical supervision of graduate students, interns, or postdoctoral fellows. During supervision, psychologists discuss the trainees’ clinical cases deeply.

38. Teaching Teaching may also occur in hospitals, clinics, or business. A clinical psychologist might offer a stress management or anger management course for nurses, clergy, and police officers.

39. Teaching Intimate relationship course to young couples about to be married, to better maintain professional boundaries or understand psychopathology to doctors and nurses might be given.

40. Consultation Clinical psychologists provide consultation to health care professionals, business persons, schools and organizations. Consultation might be an informal discussion, formal arrangement or a brief report.

41. Consultation In companies, consultation might be about to help reduce coworker conflicts. In medical practice, consultation might be about the physician to better manage patient noncompliance with unpleasant medical treatments.

42. Consultation Clinical psychologists provide consultation in a wide variety of settings using a range of techniques. Consultation might also include assessment, teaching, research, and brief psychotherapy activities.

43. Administration Clinical psychologists find themselves in administrative positions such as chairperson of a psychology department, dean or even president of a university, in hospitals, mental health clinics.

44. Administration In administration, they generally manage a budget, lead a multidisciplinary professional staff, make hiring and firing decisions, and develop policies.

45. Employment settings Clinical psychologists work in many different employment setting: • Private or Group Practices: about 35 % • Colleges and Universities: about 20 % • Hospitals • Medical Schools

46. Employment settings • Outpatient Clinics • Business and Industry • Military • Other settings: police departments, low court, prisons, juvenile hall, rehabilitation centers, centers for substance abuse, battered women’s shelters and schools.

47. Inpatient Clinics

48. Outpatient Clinics

49. Subspecialties After the standard training in general clinical psychology, further training may be offered in many subspecialty areas. Many clinical psychologists finally specialize in one or more areas. Just as doctors specialize such as pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry, internal medicine, and cardiology, there are many clinical psychology subspecialties:

50. Subspecialties • Child Clinical Psychology • Clinical Health Psychology • Clinical Neuropsychology • Forensic Psychology • Geropsychology