The Role of the Korean Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in Achieving the GSPC 2020

1. Strengthening Training and Capacities for Botanical Gardens and Arboreta staff for the GSPC 2020 in East Asia Jeju ICC 8 September 2012 TheRoleof the Korean Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in Achieving the GSPC 2020 Yong-Shik KIM The Korean Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta Republic of Korea

2. Status of Korean BGs and Arboreta

3. Objectives of GSPC I: Understanding and documenting existing plant diversity: Target 1 & 2 II: Conserving plant diversity: Target 7, 8, 9 & 10 III: Using plant diversity sustainably IV: Promoting education and awareness about plant diversity: Target 14 V: Capacity building for plant diversity: Target 15 & 16

4. Objective I: Understanding and Documenting Plant DiversityTarget 1: An Online Flora of All known Plants Flora Research in Nationwide • Rare & endemic species(2000~) • Vascular plants(2003~) • Collection of herbarium specimens (2004~) • Forest wetland (2007~) Publication of Distribution Map • Vascular species and illustrated book • Distribution map of Korean plants • Illustrated book for ferns and Gramineae Database Collection on Natural Resources and Web services • Korea Biodiversity Information System (http://www.nature.go.kr) - DB on plant, insect, fish, birdand fungi with3,860,000 items - Approximately 680,000herbarium specimens in KNA • KPNIS (Korea Plant Names Index System) - Native species: 4,940 taxa - Cultivated species: 9,428taxa

5. Objective I:Understanding and Documenting Plant DiversityTarget 2:An assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation action • Research of Rare and Endemic Plants(1999~2018) • Distribution survey following 1:50,000 map • Co-research systems with university, amateur and • NGO • Sharing database with results of native species survey • in nationwide • Publication of Rare Plants Data Book of Korea • Assessed by Ramas Red List Program (ver. 3.1) of • IUCN • Rarity assessment on 567 taxa • : CR 144, EN 122, VU 119, LC 70 andDD 112 taxa • Ready to registration on IUCN Distribution survey of rare and endemic plants Rare Plants Data Book

6. Objective II:Plant Diversity is Urgently & Effectively Conserved Target 7: At least 75% of threatened species conserved in situ • Categorized Threatened Plant Species by Korea Forest Service: 389species • Active natural habitat protection for CR(144), EN(122) andVU(119) species • Recovery of Threatened Plant Species • Recovery efforts for threatened species in natural habitats • IUCN’s Reintroduction Guideline should be applied to the species recovery works Bupleurumlatissimum Anemone flaccida Cypripedium japonicum

7. Objective II:Plant diversity is urgently & effectively conserved Target 8:At least 75% of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20% available for recovery and restoration programmes • Ex situ Conservationof Threatened Plant Species • KNA: 206 taxa • KNAmaintains conservation and propagation facilities including seed bank andDNA bank • Public arboreta maintains Conservation Garden focused to regional rare and endemic species • 9 public and private botanic gardens and arboreta as ex situ conservation facilities (MoE): 51 taxa (68%) • Project on Conservation Network • System for Threatened Plant Species • Regional monitoring for threatened species • Designation of regional ex situ conservation sites • Development of mass propagation technique

8. Objective II:Plant Diversity is Urgently & Effectively Conserved Target 8:At least 75% of threatened plant species in ex situcollections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20% available for recovery and restoration programmes Collection and Monitoring of Regionally Rare and Endemic Plants Chungbuk Germplasm Collections Kangwon Midongsan Arboretum Gangwon Arboretum Chungnam CN Res. Inst. Of Forest and Environment Jeonbuk Gyeongbuk Daea Arboretum Daegu Arboretum • Monitoring • Monitoring on population • dynamics for every 3 years per 10 species • Surveys on growth characteristics, threats, etc Jeonnam Gyeongnam Wando Arboretum Gyeongnam Arboretum Jeju Halla Arboretum

9. Objective II:Plant Diversity is Urgently & Effectively Conserved Target 8:At least 75% of threatened plant species in ex situcollections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20% available for recovery and restoration programmes Creation of Conservation & Display Garden of Regionally Rare & Endemic Plants 2013~2014 2010~2011 2014~2015 2014~2015 Korea National Arboretum 2012~2013 2013~2014 2011~2012 2012~2013 2011~2012 Gyeongnam Arboretum Halla Arboretum

10. Objective II:Plant diversity is urgently & effectively conserved Target 9:At least 70% of the genetic diversity of crops including their wild relatives & other socio- economically valuable plant species conserved, and associated indigenous and local knowledge respected, preserved, protected and maintained • Development and Conservation of Indigenous and Local Knowledge on Plant Resources • Construction of DB on indigenous knowledge including usage of plant resources(1,242 taxa) • Extraction of novel compound • Collecting of specimen and seed of folk plants • Published • ‘Folk Plants in Korean Peninsula’ 2010 2011 2009 2008 2007~2008 2006

11. Objective II:Plant diversity is urgently & effectively conserved Target 10:Effective management plans in place to prevent new biological invasions and to manage important areas for plant diversity that are invaded • Monitoring of Invasive Species • 321 plants of naturalized or alien species in Korea • Designation of invasive plant species: Ambrosia artemisiifolia and etc. (2009, Legislation on Natural Conservation) • Establishment of Expansion and density control plan on invasive aliens • KNA’s Monitoring of Invasive Plants • Control and monitoring activities for conservation of the Gwangnung Forest

12. Objective IV:Education & awareness about plant diversity, its role in sustainable livelihoods and importance to all life on Earth is promotedTarget 14:The importance of plant diversity & the need for its conservation incorporated into communication, education and public awareness programs • Holding diverse symposiums and • seminars on plant diversity conservation • including EABGN Conference 2008 in • Seoul • Strengthening public relations and events • Red List Assessment Training Workshop

13. Objective V:The capacity and public engagement necessary to implement the Strategy have been developedTarget 15:The number of trained people working with appropriate facilities sufficient according to national needs, to achieve the targets of this Strategy • The number of trained staffs of relevant organizations • KNA : 34 research staffs, 36 internship staffs • Public & private botanic gardens and arboreta: less than 20 experts • Universities : More than 10 plant taxonomy specialists • Demands • Increase of national and public arboreta to more than 20 institutions • More than 250 trained staffs by 2020 • Supply • Natural resources related departments in universities • Forest resources, Biology, Horticulture, Landscape architecture • Lack of students in taxonomy, restoration ecology and • ecological genetics

14. Objective V:The capacity and public engagement necessary to implement the Strategy have been developedTarget 16:Institutions, networks and partnerships for plant conservation established or strengthened at national, regional and international levels to achieve the targets of this Strategy • Domestic Networks • Governmental agencies : KFS, MoE, CHA • Research agencies : KFRI, Provincial FRIs • BGs : Public & private bgs and arboreta • University : Biology, forestry, horticulture and landscape architecture, etc • International Networks • BGCI, EABGN, IUCN, UNESCO, UNEP, etc. • Partnerships • KNA has MOUs with 14 foreign institutions • KNA has MOUs with 14 domestic institutions

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