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The Power & Influence of the Catholic Church. The Christian Church shaped society and politics in medieval Europe. In the Middle Ages the life of the people revolved around the church. How does this explain the hierarchy of the Church?. The Church Takes Shape.
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The Power & Influence of the Catholic Church The Christian Church shaped society and politics in medieval Europe. In the Middle Ages the life of the people revolved around the church.
The Church Takes Shape • How was the Roman Catholic Church organized during the Middle Ages? • What role did the church play in government in medieval Europe? • What was the subject of the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and the Holy Roman emperor, Henry IV? • Each local parish was led by a priest. Parishes were grouped togetherinto dioceses, which were led by bishops. Archbishops oversaw groups ofdioceses called archdioceses. The pope, or bishop of Rome, was theleader over all. • Church officials kept records and acted as advisors to monarchs.The church was the largest landholder and added to its power bycollecting taxes. • Gregory banned the practice of kings making appointments to churchpositions.
Sacraments and SalvationPilgrimages and crusades • During the Middle Ages, what was the purpose of sacraments, according to the teachings of the church? • What seven sacraments were administered by the church? • Why did people undertake pilgrimages during the Middle Ages? • What were some of the popular destinations of pilgrims? • The church taught that Christians had to receive sacraments inorder to achieve salvation. • The seven sacraments were baptism, confirmation, Eucharist,matrimony, holy orders, penance, and extreme unction (also known as sacrament of the sick or last rites). • People went on pilgrimages to show devotion to God, as an act ofpenance, or to find a cure for an illness. Popular destinations included Jerusalem, Rome, and Canterbury.
Pilgrimages and CrusadesArt and Architecture • What were the Crusades? • In what ways did the art of medieval Europe reflect the influence of the Roman Catholic Church? • What were cathedrals? What were some of their key architectural features? • The Crusades were military expeditions to the land where Jesus hadlived. There purpose was to attempt to take back that land fromMuslim control. • Since most people could not read, art helped them understandBiblical stories. • Cathedrals were large churches and the seat of a bishop. Some keyfeatures included the nave, transepts, flying buttresses, gargoyles,pillars, and stained glass windows.
Education • What role did the Roman Catholic Church play in education during the Middle Ages? • Who was Thomas Aquinas? What did he try to do with theology and ancient philosophy? • Most schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals. • Much time was spent memorizing prayers and passages from the Biblein Latin. • Aquinas was an Italian scholar of philosophy and theology. He tried to bring together ancient philosophical ideas about reason and medieval theological beliefs about faith.
HolidaysMonks, Nuns and Mendicants • What events did medieval holidays honor? • What were some of the ways in which people celebrated holidays? • What was the monastic life like? • How were the lives of mendicant friars different from monks? • Medieval holidays honored important events in the life of Jesus, suchas his birth and Resurrection. Holidays also honored Christian saints and important religious concepts. • People celebrated holidays by attending church and with feasts,music, dancing, games, and other forms of entertainment. • Monks and nuns took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • They spent their lives in work, study, and prayer, living in separatecommunities called monasteries and convents. • Friars did not shut themselves off from the rest of the world. Theytraveled among ordinary people to preach.
