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Pilgrims and Puritans: Calvinism comes to 17 th Century America

Pilgrims and Puritans: Calvinism comes to 17 th Century America. “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian. www.billpetro.com/v7pc. Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to. Trace the growth of religion in America

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Pilgrims and Puritans: Calvinism comes to 17 th Century America

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  1. Pilgrims and Puritans:Calvinism comes to 17th Century America “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian www.billpetro.com/v7pc

  2. ObjectivesBy the end of this session you should be able to • Trace the growth of religion in America • Examine differences between Pilgrims & Puritans • Detail distinctives of American Puritanism • Outline the decline of New England theology

  3. Luther - Melanchthon 1517 Lutheran Calvin - Beza 1532 French-Swiss } Zwingli - Bullinger Reformed Presbyterian Scottish Presbyterian Dutch Reformed 1519 German-Swiss Henry VIII - Cranmer Grebel – Manz - Simonsz 1525 1536 English Swiss Brethren Reformation Traditions Lutheranism Episcopal Anabaptist Congregational Mennonites English Separatists English Baptists Anglican Episcopal Church of England

  4. American Church History 1787 1865 Calvinism Arminianism Biblistic Rationalism Liberalism Subjectivism Existentialism Theocentrism Anthropocentrism Liberalism

  5. Pilgrims • England → Holland → England → America • 1620: Plymouth to Plymouth Rock • 102 passengers • Mayflower Compact • Plymouth Colony:1st permanent New England settlement

  6. Plymouth Rock

  7. First Thanksgiving • 1621 • Gov Wm. Bradford proclaimed:“a day of thanksgiving and prayer” • More:billpetro.com/holidayhistory

  8. Puritans • Non-separating Congregationalists • Each congregation independent • Church of England: true church • Repentant church membership • England might imitate their “New England.”

  9. Puritan Grievances • Marian Exiles returned under Elizabeth • James I: a sympathetic Protestant? • Charles I married Henrietta Maria, Catholic princess • Catholic lords given important posts • Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud’s “Roman practices”

  10. John Winthrop • 1630-1649 • Governor of Massachusetts Bay Company • Founder of Boston • Sermon: “Model of Christian Charity” • “City upon a Hill”

  11. Colonies: 1650

  12. Pilgrims vs. Puritans Few Many Early (1620) Later (1629-30) Poor class Upper middle class Uneducated Educated Separatists from state church Loyal Settled in Plymouth Salem, Boston Wm. Bradford, Wm. Brewster John Endicott, Miles Standish, John Winthrop

  13. Puritan: Myths vs. Reality “Haunting fear that someone, somewhere may be happy” Books, music, beer, rum, swam, skated, bowled Wore black Blue, violet, green, yellow Narrow minded +100: Oxford & Cambridge “Dumme Doggs” Established Harvard after 6 years Women sheltered Literate, well read, managed household Song-less A capella, in unison Minority 1776: 75% of Puritan roots

  14. The New England Primer (1683)

  15. Education in Puritan New England Private EducationReading, Writing Grammar SchoolGrammar, Rhetoric, ArithmeticLatin, Greek, Hebrew CollegeArts: Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, Geometry, AstronomyPhilosophies: Metaphysics, Ethics, Natural ScienceAlso: Greek, Hebrew, Ancient History

  16. “Plain” Puritan Sermons • Text • Doctrine • Uses • Applications

  17. New England Bible Commonwealths • Sought guidance of Scripture for all aspects of citizen’s lives • Scripture authority in criminal statutes

  18. The English Bible in the 16th Century • Wycliffe 1380 • Gutenberg 1450 • Tyndale 1525 • Coverdale 1535 • Matthew 1537 • Taverner 1539 • Great 1539 • Geneva 1560 • Bishops’ 1568 • Rheims-Douai (NT) 1582 • King James 1611 Less than 100 years: 9 translations

  19. Geneva Bible • 1560 in Geneva • Leader: William Whittingham, sister of John Calvin • Used by the Pilgrims & Puritans in New England • 1560 – 1630: 200 editions • Bible of Shakespeare, Bunyan, Cromwell’s Army

  20. KJV Bible • Committee of English scholars between 1607-1611 • "Authorized Version” • 1st carried by John Winthrop to Massachusetts in 1630 • Supplanted Geneva Bible

  21. Church Privileges: • Communion • Church Offices GraceCovenant ChurchCovenant • Political Privileges: • Elections • Civic Offices • Spiritual • Invisible • Physical • Visible Puritan Ecclesiastical Theory

  22. Decline of New England Theology • 1643: 11% church membership • Preaching of the “Jeremiad” • 1657: Half-Way Covenant • Secularized state • 1677: Stoddardeanism: Very open Communion • Secularized church • 1691: Massachusetts a Royal Colony • No religious bans • 1692: Salem Witch Trials

  23. Salem Witch Trials

  24. 1-Word Summary • Catholic Church Merit • Luther Justification • Zwingli Sovereignty • Anabaptists Believer’s Baptism • Calvin Omnipotence • Arminius Ability • “Calvinism” TULIP • Knox Thundering • Henry VIII Married • Pilgrims Separatists • Puritans Saints

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