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Egypt

Egypt. Population 80 Million, most populous Arab country 40% of population lives in city. Life expectancy at birth 72. Religion 90% Sunni Muslim; 10% Coptic Christian. Literacy 71% (women 59%, men 83%). Economy. GDP per capita: $6200 Unemployment rate 9.4%

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Egypt

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  1. Egypt

  2. Population 80 Million, most populous Arab country • 40% of population lives in city. • Life expectancy at birth 72. • Religion 90% Sunni Muslim; 10% Coptic Christian. • Literacy 71% (women 59%, men 83%)

  3. Economy • GDP per capita: $6200 • Unemployment rate 9.4% • 20% of population below poverty line.

  4. Mohammed Ali • Defeated the Ottoman sultan, defeated the Wahhabis for the Ottoman and became the de facto ruler of Egypt around 1800.(although technically still a part of the Ottoman empire) Yes! NO

  5. Wahhabi Uprising

  6. North African After the Capitulations

  7. Suez Canal built by French/Egyptian consortium: 1869

  8. Suez project finished by Britain1879 • Egypt left in deep debt, so Britain invaded and essentially took over Canal and economic interests.

  9. Mandate System

  10. Basically fell under British rule until after WWI • In 1922, Egypt granted independence, but fought over during WWII. • King Farouk, a westernized Egyptian King installed. Playboy, hated by people, same old story. • Seen as Western puppet.

  11. After WWII • In 1952, after military coup, General Abdul Nasser came to power. • Another secular leader. Pan Arabist.

  12. Pan Arabism: a socialist dream State

  13. Nasser • Was anti-British, anti-Imperialist, anti Israel. • Recognized Red China • Got weapons from Soviets. • In 1956, like Mossediq in Iran, Nasser nationalized the Suez canal. • United States didn’t like recognition of China, but did not want Britain to invade. • Nasser also wanted to re-annex Sudan, after Britain had just let it go.

  14. Suez Canal Crisis 1956-57 • Britain, France, and Israel invade Egypt • Israel which had been denied access to Red Sea and Canal and was worried about Soviet weapons, wanted to invade, were supported by France and Britain • Israel easily defeated Egyptian, occupying Gaza and Sinai. • U.N. made them give it back.

  15. United Arab Republic 1958-61 • A nation comprised of Egypt and Syria, but they couldn’t get along.

  16. 1967: Six Day War • Led Egypt in war that Israel won in 6 days. • Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza and Sinai. • Nasser resigns but his people won’t let him, still wildly popular with secular Egyptians. • Agrees to resolution 242, accepting Israel’s right to exist behind the pre 1967 Lines (Green line). Unpopular decision. • Helps the PLO to organize and starts minor skirmishes near Canal against Israel. Tries to convince Arafat to make peace, with Palestinian state in West Bank and Gaza. • Introduces PLO to Soviets.

  17. Nasser Dies 1970 • Anwar Sadat made President.

  18. 1973: Yom Kippur War • Egypt once again defeated by Israel.

  19. Camp David: 1978 • Egypt makes peace with Israel and gets the Sinai back. Israel keeps Gaza and West Bank.

  20. 1978 Camp David Accords

  21. Sadat Assassinated by Soldiers in 1981 • Based on Fatwah pronounced by Sheik Omar Abdul Rahman, later convicted for World Trade Center bombing in 1993. • In the ensuing trail of militant, Hymen Zawahri rose to prominence as spokesman. Now second in command of Al Qaeda.

  22. Muslim Brotherhood

  23. Hosni Mubarak his V.P. Takes over and has ruled since in a police state • Censorship • Arrests and torture without charge • Rule in “state of emergency” since Sadat.

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