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German UNIFICATION

German UNIFICATION. A DIV IDED GER MANY. Loose federation of 39 States Controlled by 2 Powers Austria – Hapsburgs Prussia Hohenzollern. Prussian Junker 1851 – King Frederick William IV appointed him representative to the diet of the German Confederation. Otto von Bismark.

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German UNIFICATION

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  1. German UNIFICATION

  2. A DIVIDED GERMANY • Loose federation of 39 States • Controlled by 2 Powers • Austria – Hapsburgs • Prussia Hohenzollern

  3. Prussian Junker • 1851 – King Frederick William IV appointed him representative to the diet of the German Confederation Otto von Bismark

  4. Convinced – Germany too small for Austria & Prussia • 1859 –ambassador to Russia • 1862 – ambassador to France Otto von Bismark

  5. A NEW PRUSSIAN KING • 1858 – King Frederick William IV – declared insane • Brother William becomes regent • 1861 – Frederick William IV dies • William I takes the throne

  6. Wanted to strengthen Prussian Army • 1862 – named Bismark – Minister-President • Deadlock in Parliament over military – Bismark said that it would be settled by “blood and iron” King William I

  7. 1864 War withDenmark • 1863 – Denmark annexed the duchy of Schleswig – infuriating German nationals • 1864 – Prussia allies with Austria against Denmark • Denmark defeated

  8. 1864 War withDenmark • August 1865 – Convention of Gastein • Joint Prussian & Austrian possession of Schleswig and Holstein • Gave Bismark opportunity to pick fight with Austria

  9. 1866 – The SevenWeeks War • Prussia Accused Austria of Breaking Convention of Gastein • Proposed abolition of German Confederation • July 3 – Prussia defeated Austria

  10. 1866 – The SevenWeeks War • August – Treaty of Prague • Prussia gained: • Schleswig & Holstein • Annexed north German states – Hanover, Hesse, Nassau & Frankfurt • Dissolved German Conf.

  11. Otto von Bismark oil on canvas

  12. 1867 – The North German Confederation • United states north of Main River under Prussia • Obstacles impeding the addition of Southern states: • Southern Catholic – Northern Lutheran • Napoleon III – against it – France benefited from divided Germany

  13. 1867 – The North German Confederation • Bismark believed War with France was only way to achieve full unification • 1868 – Revolution in Spain provided the opportunity • Power vacancy arose in Spain – created a rift between France and Prussia

  14. 1870 – Franco-German War • France wanted reassurance – William I refused • Ems Telegram: • Bismark edited William I’s report to instigate a war • July 19 – Napoleon III declared war on Prussia

  15. 1870 – Franco-German War • Bismark had formed alliances with South German states • September 2 – France surrenders • January 18, 1871 – At Versailles William I – proclaimed German Emperor • May 10, 1871 – Treaty of Frankfurt • Germany gets Alsace & Lorraine

  16. Otto von Bismark

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