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Understanding IP Address Classes and Subnet Masking

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Learn about IP address classes (A, B, C, D, E) and subnet masking for efficient network management. Explore private addresses and NAT.

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Understanding IP Address Classes and Subnet Masking

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  1. IP Address Classes • Class A • N.H.H.H • 1-126 • 0 can not be used as Net ID • 127 is reserved for loop back functions • 126 Different Networks • 16.777.214 Hosts per Network

  2. IP Address Classes • Class B • N.N.H.H • 128-191 • The first IP Address is the NET ID • The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address • 16.384 Different Networks • 65543 Hosts per Network

  3. IP Address Classes • Class C • N.N.N.H • 192-223 • The first IP Address is the NET ID • The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address • 2.097.152 Different Networks • 254 Hosts per Network

  4. IP Address Classes CLASS D – Used for multicast broadcasts CLASS E – Experimental addresses not available to the public

  5. SUBNET MASKING • Smaller broadcast domains • More manageable networks • Save IP Addresses Default Subnet Mask • CLASS A - 255.0.0.0 • CLASS B - 255.255.0.0 • CLASS C - 255.255.255.0

  6. SUBNET MASKING 4000 Hosts NET ID – 190.100.0.0 CLASS B 212=4096 D.S.M - 255.255.0.0 255.255.11110000.00000000 255.255.240.0 is the Subnet 256-240 = 16

  7. SUBNET MASKING • Subnet Mask is 255.255.240.0 • 190.100.16.1 - 190.100.31.254 • 190.100.32.1 - 190.100.47.254 • 190.100.48.1 - ………………. • Net ID • 190.100.16.0 • 190.100.32.0 • Broadcast • 190.100.31.255 • 190.100.47.255

  8. 500 Hosts NET ID – 190.100.0.0 

  9. Private Addresses • There are certain address in each class that are not assigned. These are called private addresses. • Private addresses are not routed on the internet. • Network Address Translation (NAT) can be used to connect these Private Networks to the Internet

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