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Earth's Biomes: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

Learn about the different terrestrial and aquatic biomes, including the tundra, tropical rainforest, desert, grassland, temperate deciduous forest, taiga, open water, fresh water, estuaries, and rocky intertidal zones.

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Earth's Biomes: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

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  1. Chapter 15:Living Planet Section 15-3: Earth’s Biomes

  2. What is a biome? • It is an ecosystem defined by its climax community. • The type of ecosystem in a particular part of the world partially depends on the climate of that region. • There are 2 categories of biomes: terrestrial and aquatic

  3. Terrestrial (Land) Biomes • Tundra • Tropical Rain Forest • Desert • Grassland • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Taiga

  4. Tundra

  5. Tundra • Found near North Pole • Coldest terrestrial biome • Abiotic factors: • Temps from -40 to 50 ° F • Annual precipitation less than 25 cm (10 in) • Permafrost just beneath the surface (frozen ground)

  6. Tundra • Biotic factors: • Simple vegetation – no trees, mostly grasses, sedges, low flowering herbs and lichens • Animals include the arctic hare, lemming, arctic fox, musk ox, and snowy owl

  7. Tundra Animals

  8. Tropical Rain Forest

  9. Tropical Rain Forest • Near the equator • Greatest species diversity • Abiotic factors: • Temps ranging from 68 to 86 ° F • Annual precipitation greater than 200 cm (usually 80-400 in)

  10. Tropical Rain Forest • Biotic factors: • Over 100 different types of trees and other plants, including broad-leafed evergreen trees, ferns, tangled lianas • Animals include varying species of monkeys, colorful birds, flying squirrels, tapirs, anteaters, ocelots, jaguars, and armadillos

  11. Tropical Rain Forest Plants

  12. Tropical Rain Forest Monkeys

  13. Desert

  14. Desert • Abiotic factors: • Average temps from 50 to 68 ° F (can go as low as -4 and as high as 120) • Annual precip < 25 cm (10 in)

  15. Desert • Biotic factors: • Specialized vegetation that is small and does not need a lot of water such as cacti, aloe, yucca • Animals are mostly birds, reptiles, and nocturnal animals including road runners, scorpions, lizards, jack rabbits, kit foxes

  16. Desert Animals

  17. Grassland

  18. Grassland • Found on every continent but Antarctica • Abiotic factors: • Temps ranging from 14 to 77° F, with lots of daily fluctuation • Annual precip 25-75 cm (10-30 in)

  19. Grassland • Biotic factors: • Many small plants, including grasses mosses, and lichens • Animals include large grazing herbivores such as bison and antelope in North America, zebra, wildebeest, elephant, giraffe in Africa

  20. Grassland Animals

  21. Temperate Deciduous Forest

  22. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Found in eastern North America, Asia, and Europe • Abiotic factors: • Temps ranging from -22 to 86 ° F • Annual precip 75 to 125 cm (30-50 in)

  23. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Biotic factors: • Trees like the sugar maple, beech, yellow birch, pine, and oak; flowering plants, mosses, ferns • Animals such as white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbit, gray squirrel, beaver, raccoon, opossum, woodpecker

  24. TDF Animals

  25. Taiga

  26. Taiga • Largest terrestrial biome • Soil completely thaws in summer • Found in Canada and Alaska • Abiotic factors: • Temps ranging from -65° in winter to 70° in summer • Annual precip 50-125 cm (20-50 in)

  27. Taiga • Biotic Factors: • Vegetation includes coniferous trees, ferns, mosses, mushrooms • Animals include snowshoe hare, lynx, shrew, weasel, black bear, woodchuck, chickadee

  28. Aquatic Biomes • Open water • Fresh water • Estuaries • Rocky intertidal

  29. Open Water (ocean) • Abiotic factors: • Small seasonal temperature variation • Light and nutrient availability slight to moderate • Biotic factors: • Phytoplankton, fish, dolphins, whales

  30. Fresh water (lakes, rivers, etc) • Abiotic factors: • Slight to moderate temperature variations • Light and nutrient availability usually good • Biotic factors: • Vegetation like algae, mosses, and lichens • Animals like insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, small mammals

  31. Estuaries (salt water) • Abiotic factors: • Extreme temperature variation, seasonal precipitation • Light and nutrient availability is good • Biotic factors: • Vegetation like algae, mosses, lichens, aquatic plants • Animals like insect, shrimp, crabs, fish, amphibians, birds

  32. Rocky intertidal • Abiotic factors: • Exposure to sunlight and air alternating with being submerged by ocean water • Biotic factors: • Vegetation is mainly algae • Animals include barnacles, snails, sea urchins, starfish, mussels

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