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Exploring Engineering

This chapter explores the fundamental role of spreadsheets in engineering, emphasizing their capabilities in calculations, data visualization, and simulations. You'll learn how to organize data using headings and labels, perform essential computations with built-in functions such as MAX, MIN, and AVERAGE, and gain insights through effective data visualization techniques. The chapter also includes a practical guide to creating a class grade sheet using Microsoft Excel, demonstrating the use of formulas, cell types, and logical functions for data analysis. Equip yourself with essential spreadsheet skills to interpret information and generate knowledge effectively.

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Exploring Engineering

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  1. Exploring Engineering Chapter 3, Part 2 Introduction to Spreadsheets

  2. Spreadsheets Can Aid in Calculation, Visualization and Simulation

  3. Data Visualization • Data are raw facts. For example a collection of numbers. • Information can be gained by presenting the data in a way that makes it possible to visualize the meaning of the data.

  4. Organizing Data • Headings • Labels • Formatting numbers as percentages, currency, etc. • Graphs can be used to display data in a way that the significance of the numeric data can be seen. • Ordering the data by sorting.

  5. Performing Computations • Spreadsheets provide built in functions to perform calculations using the data. • MAX • MIN • SUM • AVERAGE • STDEV • Etc for many, many, more functions

  6. Knowledge • Knowledge results from the interpretation of information. • It takes a human being with expertise to interpret the information to gain knowledge.

  7. Spreadsheets • Definition: A spreadsheet is software designed to manipulate and analyze numbers and formulas in rows and columns. • We will be using Microsoft Excel in this class. However there are similar programs such as Lotus 123.

  8. The Spreadsheet

  9. Cell Contents • The types of cell contents: • Alphanumeric – text • Headings • Labels • Numeric • Integers • Floating point • Equations and formulae: B1+B4/H13 • Predefined Functions: Previously discussed in slide 5.

  10. An Example • We will be creating a worksheet for a class grade sheet. • The input to a spreadsheet requires entering numbers in cells. • In this case the input will be grades.

  11. Grade sheet • Final Grade Rubric • Assign each exam as 18% of the final score, the final exam as 36% of the final score, and homework as 10% of the final score, then a student's final score is: Final Score = 0.18*(Ex1 + Ex2 + Ex3) + 0.36*(Final Exam) + 0.10*(Homework Score) • Assign a letter grade according to: • If Final score > 80, A • If Final score > 70, B • If Final score > 65, C • If Final score > 60, D • If Final score < 60, F

  12. Excel Spreadsheet • Write one line then copy and paste the rest

  13. Excel grade sheet • See how you get the average of each exam

  14. It’s easy for the grader to cheat! • See how you can get the total! If you easily want • to change the weighting, go to C1, or E1 or G1 etc. • Notice the use of absolute K$1 and relative D4, G4, • etc., addressing. Relative shifts with where you copy it • but absolute fixes column or row (or both)

  15. Excel Grade sheet • Notice the use of the IF statement …IF(test, true, false)

  16. Summary • Learn to use a spreadsheet • Use its formatting capability • Use its mathematical functions • Use its relative and absolute addressing • Use its logical functions • Use lots more!

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