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Race and Ethnicity

This overview examines conventional racial and ethnic classifications, trends in Black migration from the South to the North, and shifts in public opinion regarding racial segregation and white supremacy. It explores historical and contemporary racial attitudes, focusing on the decline of traditional prejudice and current perceptions of intelligence relative to racial groups. Furthermore, it highlights beliefs about discrimination and perceived advantages among different races, informing how these attitudes have evolved from 1939 to 2010.

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Race and Ethnicity

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  1. Race and Ethnicity April 21, 2014

  2. Background • Conventional racial/ethnic classification • Numbers and trends • Black Migration: • South to North • Urban to rural • Segregation/white supremacy • Legal/political changes

  3. Racial attitudes • “Traditional” prejudice • Decline of traditional prejudice • Extent today • Who is prejudiced • Black/white opinion today

  4. Do you think... A. There should be laws compelling Negroes to live in certain districts 41% B. There should be no laws, but there should be an unwritten understanding, backed up by social pressure, to keep Negroes out of the neighborhoods where white people live 42% C. Negroes should be allowed to live wherever they want to live, and there should be no laws nor social pressure to keep them from it? 13% Public Opinion, 1939

  5. Public Opinion, 1944 and 1999 • 1944 In general, do you think Negroes are as intelligent as white people--that is, can they learn just as well if they are given the same education? • Yes: 44%; No 47%; DK 8% (whites only) • 1999: In general, do you think black people are more intelligent than whites, less intelligent than whites, or about the same? • More 3%; Less 1%; About the same 92%; DK 4%

  6. Beliefs about Discrimination • For each of the following groups, please tell me if you feel they are receiving too many special advantages, receiving fair treatment, or being discriminated against. How about... blacks... --are they receiving special advantages, receiving fair treatment, or being discriminated against? • White Black • Special Advantages 19% 1% • Fair Treatment 40% 20% • Discriminated Against 35% 72%

  7. Beliefs about Discrimination (2) • For each of the following groups, please tell me if you feel they are receiving too many special advantages, receiving fair treatment, or being discriminated against. How about... whites... --are they receiving special advantages, receiving fair treatment, or being discriminated against? • White Black • Special Advantages 11% 35% • Fair Treatment 63% 46% • Discriminated Against 21% 12%

  8. How serious a problem do you think racial discrimination against blacks is? Very Somewhat Not Not Very at all Whites 14 41 31 14 Blacks 54 34 10 2 Do you think whites have an unfair economic advantage over whites Yes No Whites 33 65 Blacks 62 36

  9. How serious a problem do you think racial discrimination against blacks is in this country? (2010) • White Black Hisp • Very Serious 12% 38% 23% • Somewhat serious 39% 43% 51% • Not too serious 35% 18% 21% • Not at all serious 14% 1% 6%

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