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Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 311 Matter

Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 311 Matter. Kinetic Theory – particles of matter are in motion Elastic Collisions – particles bounce off with no net loss of energy (energy could transfer). Gas Pg 312. Expand Are fluid (flow) Have low density Can be compressed

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Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 311 Matter

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  1. Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 311Matter • Kinetic Theory – particles of matter are in motion • Elastic Collisions – particles bounce off with no net loss of energy (energy could transfer)

  2. Gas Pg 312 • Expand • Are fluid (flow) • Have low density • Can be compressed • Diffuse – spread from high to low concentration • Effuse – pass through holes in balloons, etc lighter gas = faster effusion (sterile rooms kept at high P so air effuses out not in) 7. Can condense back into liquid by removing energy called Heat of Vaporization Hvand slowing down particles (condensation) Pg 327 8. Can then deposit back into solid if Heat of Fusion Hfis removed (frost on windshield) Pg 328

  3. Liquids Pg 315 • Higher density than gas • Incompressible • Diffuses (ink in water Pg 334) • Pulled together by surface tension(drops) • Pulled to sides of container by capillary action (meniscus and stems of plants) • Can evaporate from surface without boiling (volatile if evap quickly like alcohol and fuels Pg 325) 7. Boils throughout (not just surface evap) with added energy called Heat of Vaporization HvPg 327 8. Can turn to solid at freezing point by removing Heat of FusionHf Pg 328

  4. Solids Pg 319 • made of definite crystals Pg 321 (except amorphous ones like glass, plastic, semiconductors in electronics Pg 320, 323) • Definite shape and volume • Definite melting point (intensive property) when Heat of Fusion Hfadded Pg 328 • Most have higher density than liquids (ice and cork do not so they float) • Incompressible • Low diffusion • Can go through sublimation and turn straight to gas if Heat of Vaporization Hvadded (dry ice) Pg 327

  5. Phase Diagrams – graph that shows temperatures and pressures for different states of matter Pg 329 **note that high press means high BP (pressure cooker is HOT) • Triple point – temp and pressure that could maintain all 3 states of matter at same time • Critical point – max temp and pressure for liquid to exist

  6. Pressure Chapter 11 Pg 341 • Pressure = Force / Area • Smaller area = more force • One nail punctures, bed of nails okay • Skinny lady in spiked heels punctures, fat guy in flat shoes okay • Force is measured in Newtons • Area is measured in cm2

  7. Pressure is measured in 1 atmosphere = 760 mm of Hg or Torrs Pg 344 = 101.3 kiloPascals = 14.7 pounds per square inch Pg 345 Practice 1,2 Pg 364 STP = 0 oC or 273 K, 1 atm

  8. Gas Laws Pg 349 • Boyles’s Law - PV = PVgraph Pg 350!! IfPincreases (indep var/x axis), thenVdecreases (depend var/y axis) inverseproportion!!! Pg 350 Practice #1 2. Charles’ Law - V/T = V/T graph Pg 352!! IfTincreases (indep var/x axis), then Vincreases (depend var/ y axis) direct proportion!!! Pg 352 Practice #1,2 K = C + 273

  9. Gay-Lussac’s Law – P/T = P/T graph Pg 353!! IfTincreases (indep var/x axis), thenPincreases (depend var/y axis) direct proportion!!! Pg 354 Practice 1-3 4. Combined Gas Law – PV/T = PV/T Pg 355 Practice 1,2

  10. 5. Ideal Gas Law – PV = nRT pressure (volume) = # moles (.0821) (temp) atm (L) (K) use .0821 for R with atm, L, and K see Pg 364 for other values of R 1 mole of any ideal gas =22.4 Liters of vol !!! Pg 365 Practice #1,2

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