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1. Judeo Christian Perspective and democracy

1. Judeo Christian Perspective and democracy . Every person is born with worth and dignity because they were created by GOD Every person has the ability to choose between doing good and doing wrong Every person has the responsibility to help others in need and the community .

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1. Judeo Christian Perspective and democracy

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  1. 1. Judeo Christian Perspective and democracy • Every person is born with worth and dignity because they were created by GOD • Every person has the ability to choose between doing good and doing wrong • Every person has the responsibility to help others in need and the community

  2. 2. Greco Roman Views and democracy • Citizens should participate in government • World has natural laws • Democracy can be protected by having branches of government • Written law

  3. 3. Ideas of Tyranny • Tyrant- a leader who takes power illegally and abuses that power

  4. 4.Plato • Greek philosopher • Wrote the Republic • Tyrants are bad because he loves his power so much he will to anything to maintain it. • Rulers who have too much freedom become tyrants

  5. 5. Aristotle • Student of Plato • Wrote: Politics • Tyrants act selfishly and against the will and benefit of the people

  6. 6. Influence of the US Constitution • Federalism- Power is shared between national government and state governments • Separation of Powers- 3separate branches • Popular Sovereignty- Government get their power and authority from the PEOPLE • Individual Rights- guarantees to each citizen (Bill of Rights)

  7. 7. John Locke ( enlightenment) • Natural Rights: Life, Liberty,and Property • People form government to protect these rights • Government gets its authority from the people • Influence Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence

  8. 8. Montesquieu ( Enlightenment) • Separation of power control government • 3 Branches: Legislative, Judicial, Executive • Influence James Madison- the father of the US Constitution

  9. 9. Rousseau ( Enlightenment) • Social Contract exists between citizens and the government • Influenced: Simon Bolivar-revolutionary leader for democracy and independence in Latin America

  10. 10. Documents of Democracy • Magna Carta(1215 England) • English Bill of Rights (1689) • American Declaration of Independence (1776) • French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen(1789) • U.S Bill of Rights (1791)

  11. 9. American Revolution1775-1781 • 1st in a series of war for independence • French Revolution 1789-1790 • Latin America Wars for Independence (Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia and more) 1810-1824

  12. 12.French Revolution • Overthrow French OLD REGIME that divided people into 3 ESTATES • King Louis XVI creates economic and social injustice • The 3rd Estate names itself National Assembly and takes over the government • Radicals take over the government- Robespierre leads the COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC SAFETY and starts the REIGN OF TERROR • Napoleon Bonaparte takes power and restores order as dictator

  13. 13.European Nationalism after Napoleon • By 1812 Napoleon controlled most of Europe • Conquered lands rumble with nationalism • Napoleon is defeated and exiled- 1815

  14. 14.Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) • After defeat of Napoleon • Goal: Weaken France and Restore balance of power and monarchies in Europe • Metternich of Austria plays important role

  15. 15.Revolution of 1848 • people in Europe want their own Nation States and revolt again monarchies. • Result of Napoleon conquering much of Europe….stirred up feelings of nationalism that did not go away.

  16. 16. Industrial RevolutionWhy was England first? • Economic Strength • Banks and new markets and investors • Geography and Natural Resources • Coal, harbors, rivers, isolation from Europe • Population Growth • Agricultural Revolution ended Famines • Lots of Workers • Political Stability • Not interrupted by war

  17. 17.Inventions and Social Change • James Watt- Steam Engine • Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin • Henry Bessemer- made iron into steel • Louis Pasteur- pasteurization • Thomas Edison- Improved Electric light • Railroads, Communication

  18. 18.Population Shifts During Industrial Revolution • Population Growth • Rural to Urban Migration • Cities- had factory work, became centers for markets and banks • Cities were overcrowded, polluted, terrible sanitation, streets full of waste and contaminated water, poor living condition, spread of disease

  19. 19.Evolution of work and labor • End of Slave trade by early 1800s • Immigration from Europe and Asia to North America • Transportation made mass migration possible • Division of labor • Unions use collective bargaining and strike to improve wages and working conditions

  20. 20.Components of Industrial Economy • Entrepreneurship- starting new businesses • Need resources • Resources • Natural resources • Capital- Money • Labor

  21. 21 .Responses to Capitalism:Utopianism • People live and work together sharing goods and property

  22. 22.Response to Capitalism:SOCIALISM • Government control of major industries

  23. 23.Response to Capitalism:COMMUNISM • workers should take control of all the factors of production • Complete control by the government

  24. 24.Classicism • Sought to imitate arts of ancient Greece and Rome

  25. 25.Romanticismemphasized love of nature, emotional expression, individual experience, ordinary people

  26. 26.Imperialism • The policy of a powerful nation dominating the politics, economy, and society of another nation • Causes: nationalism, economic competition, racism, missionary impulse • Effects: By 1800 Europe controls Africa, Asia, and Latin American : European control trade and colonies are dependant on Europe • Social Darwinism- believed that Europeans were superior - justified imperialism

  27. 27.Locations of Colonial Rule

  28. 28.Struggles for Independence from Colonization • Haiti- Toussaint L’Overtureleads independence from colonial rule (1804) • South America- Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin liberate many countries from Europe (1809-1825)

  29. 29.Causes of WWI • Nationalism • Militarism • Alliance System: • Triple Alliance- Austria Hungary, Germany, and Italy • Triple Entente-France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy (1915) US (1917) • The Powder Keg: The Balkan Peninsula • Serbian nationalist from Bosnia assassinates Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary June 28,1914

  30. 30.War on 2 Fronts • Western Front • Battle of the Marne ( September 1914) : Victory for France and Great Britain • Battle of Verdun(1916) • Battle of the Somme (1916) • Battle of Ypres ( 1914 and 1918) • Eastern Front • Battle of Tannenberg(1914)-German victory Russia • Trench Warfare- Stalemate and huge casualties

  31. 31.Turning Points of WWI • Russian Revolution • Nov. 7, 1917-Bolsheviks take over • Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Russia pulls out of the war • US Enters WWI • Neutral until 1917: Germany announces unrestricted submarine warfare • April 2,1917 US enters war on the side of the Allies • November 11,1918 • Armistice is signed: end to fighting

  32. 32.Human Costs of WWI

  33. 33.Human Rights Violations and Genocide • Armenian Genocide • Armenians were an ethnic minority in the Ottoman Empire • April 24,1915- Extreme nationalists vowing to create a Turkish-only state began forcing Armenians from their homes. • Some were killed others were forced to march to the Syrian Desert • Persecution continued : 1915-1918 and again in 1920-1923 • In 1915-1916 an estimated 600,000 Armenians died

  34. 34.The Treaty of Versailles • 14 points: Wilson’s Plan for peace • Self Determination- allowing people to decide their government • End to secret treaties • League of Nations- Peace keeping organization • Big Four- Italy, France, GB, US • Terms • League of Nations • Germany loses Alsace Lorraine to France • Loses Colonies • Reduction in army • Pay Reparations: $33 billion

  35. 35.Europe after WWI

  36. 36.Post WWI Europe • Shock and disillusionment • Economic Trouble • Political instability • Rise of Totalitarian governments

  37. 37.Artists in the West after WWI • Lost Generation: American writers in Paris ( Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein) • Art: World of dreams and fantasy, see shapes in new ways (Picasso)

  38. 38.Russian Revolution • Causes: • Suffering under monarchy/autocracy • Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II • Russian defeat in Russo Japanese War 1905 • Bloody Sunday- massacre of unarmed protestor in 1905 • WWI • March Revolution 1917- soldiers join protestors • Consequences: • Bolshevik Party led by Lenin • Collectivized farms • Banks are nationalized • Treaty of Brest Litovsk • Civil War- Red vs Whites • Lenin uses GULAGS (camps)

  39. 39.Stalinist Russia • Economic Control • Command Economy • Collective Farms to produce food for the state • Political Control • Used police terror • Jailed and executed opponents • Cultural Control • Controlled newspapers • Destroyed churches and synagogues • Use propoganda • Terror • Estimated 8-13 million people died • Ukraine-5 million died from famine caused by Government

  40. 40.Totalitarian Regimes • Germany- Hitler, Nazi • Italy- Mussolini, Facist • Soviet Union- Stalin, Communist

  41. 41.Drive for EmpireGermany, Italy, Japan • Italy- • New Roman Empire • Ethiopia 1935 • Albania 1939 • Japan • Needed natural resources and new markets • Manchuria 1931 • China 1937 • Rape of Nanking • Germany • Rebuild army and assert strength • Rhineland1936 • Austria 1938 • Sudetenland 1938 • Czechoslovakia 1939 • Hitler-Stalin Pact 1939 ( Non-Aggression Pact)

  42. 42.US and Europe before WWII • Economic Depression • German and Italian Aggression • Appeasement-Britain and France’s policy toward German aggression • Isolationism- US foreign policy

  43. 43. WWII • Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan • Allied Powers: GB, USSR, USA

  44. 44. Pearl Harbor • Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Dec. 7 1941 • US enters War

  45. 45.Battle of Stalingrad • Feb 1943 • German forces surrender to Russians

  46. 46. D-Day • June 6,1944 • Massive land and sea attack in Normandy, France • 1st day of Allied invasion France

  47. 47.Yalta Conference • Big 3- US, USSR, GB • Plan to divide up Germany after WW2

  48. 48.Iron curtain • Term made by Churchill • Boundary that divide communist Eastern Europe and non communist Western Europe

  49. 49.Leaders in WW2

  50. 50.The Holocaust“Total Destruction” • Nazi Ideology • Aryans were the “master race” • Lebensraum-”living space” need for population growth • Nuremberg Laws (1935)- stripped Jews of citizenship and rights • Kristallnacht(1938)- “night of broken glass” • Ghettos (1940)- put into crowded and isolated areas • Final Solution- genocide

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