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Understanding the Nervous System: Neurons and Neuroglia Overview

This overview highlights the fundamental structures and functions of the nervous system, focusing on neurons and neuroglia. Learn about the general structure of neurons, their classification by function (motor, sensory, and interneurons), and the supporting roles of neuroglia. We will also explore the locations of nervous system cells within the body and the significance of both nerve cells and supporting cells in transmitting impulses and maintaining neural health.

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Understanding the Nervous System: Neurons and Neuroglia Overview

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  1. Nervous System Cellular & Tissue Level

  2. Objectives • Describe the general structure of a neuron. • Explain how neurons are classified. • Name the types of neuroglia and describe the structure and function of each. • Locate cells of the nervous system in the body.

  3. The nervous system is composed predominantly of neural tissue, but also includes blood vessels and connective tissue.

  4. Cells of the Nervous System Neurons Neuroglia Not nerve cells! Supporting cells Do not transmit impulses • The basic units of the nervous system • Nerve cells • Conduct impulses

  5. Anatomy of a Representative Neuron

  6. Anatomy of a Representative Neuron

  7. Types of Neurons • Neurons may be classified in two ways: by structure or function. • Functional classification of neurons • Motorneurons • Sensoryneurons • Interneurons

  8. Motor Neurons • Over half a million in the human body • Carry instructions from the CNS to other tissues, organs, or organ systems. • Peripheral targets = effectors

  9. Sensory Neurons • Approximately 10 million in the human body • Form the afferent division of the PNS • Receive information from sensory receptors and then relay that information to neurons in the CNS • aka. Afferent neurons

  10. Interneurons • aka. Associated/association neurons • Located entirely in the brain and spinal cord • Connect other neurons • Responsible for the distribution of sensory information and coordination of motor activity • Transferring, processing, interpreting

  11. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  12. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  13. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  14. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  15. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/brain2.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/brain2.htm

  16. Neuroglia CNS PNS Schwann cells Satellite cells • Astrocytes • Oligodendrocytes • Ependyma • Microglia

  17. Satellite Glial Cells

  18. Neuroglia in the CNS

  19. Neuroglia in the CNS

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